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The Internet brings many opportunities to earn money from home quickly. Among all that exists, Facebook is the perfect platform to make ends meet legally, selling products or services and sharing links. Here is an overview of the different remuneration methods available thanks to this social network.
The authority of the community manager is to create and animate a community on the web. However, if some companies want to be present on the web, they need more time and the knowledge necessary to feed their page properly: offer them your services.
Your missions will include animating your clients’ Facebook pages by meeting their communities. Concretely, on the social network, this will be done through various and varied publications: you can offer them original and attractive content, ask them for their opinion or even organize contests with free gifts to be won.
Suppose this solution requires solid knowledge of how Facebook works to adapt to your customers’ world properly. In that case, there are free and accessible training courses without necessarily going through a school. Once you have mastered the main community management techniques, go to jobbing sites (such as ComeUp), as they are very effective when finding assignments.
In addition, do not hesitate to get started on Instagram as well: the presence of brands is strongly recommended to reach an even wider audience. Instagram is an application belonging to the Facebook group; it would be a shame to deprive yourself of it.
If you have a page with some notoriety, opt for sponsored posts. In concrete terms, you can go through advertising agencies or canvass companies yourself using jobbing sites.
For example, if your Facebook page specializing in DIY brings together a large community of fans who appreciate the advice and tutorials regularly posted, a company in the sector could ask you to post about its brand online to reach people interested in its products. On the one hand, the sponsored post will generate flows to the DIY Company’s website. On the other, you participate in its advertising in exchange for a small remuneration (or a nice sum of money if your fan community is exciting).
This compensation solution via Facebook involves creating your own products. Fortunately, again, free training helps you develop quickly, especially in the form of YouTube videos. For example, you can launch your own clothing brand online, an exciting experience if you particularly appreciate the field of fashion.
Know that the “live” video is a great way to boost your page. However, you must spend a few extra euros here to reach a broader target. Launch a product, create anticipation on the part of the fan, film a podcast, or even create a FAQ. Then, Facebook will help you build and federate your own community.
Note that you can also create regular blog posts to promote and sell the product.
Today, it is no longer helpful to have a website or blog to sell all types of objects and goods (new or used): use Facebook’s “Marketplace” area. Different categories are available to you: rental, home and garden, clothing and accessories, vehicle, electronics, etc.
Not to mention that social network also allows you to create a store on your page by adding a “Store” tab in the settings. Here you can supervise all aspects of your business in one platform: sales, orders and communication.
So consider this possibility in addition to your classified ads on websites because everything suggests that selling via Facebook is an increasingly effective choice in 2023.
Affiliation means making money through links, either by redirecting to a website or sharing links to remunerative sites like eBay, Shopify, Amazon, and many others.
These sites work by completing small quick missions; payment starts from a few cents to a few euros: registration on a site for remuneration, product tests, etc. The most lucrative of these is sponsorship.
The “Paid to Like” concept is simple: you are paid a few cents to animate Facebook pages. The transaction is done via a specialized site.
Note that this system is also valid for other social networks: Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Instagram, etc.
The “cashlink” is a link used to earn easy money. Traditionally, it oscillates from 2.50 to 5 € for 1000 views. Before displaying the destination of the link, we insert an advertising transaction. Of course, the more the link brings in clicks, the more the remuneration will be.
Here is a serious side to creating these links to share on Facebook. The key end of this process is that it is sustainable over a long period, expressed in months or years. Not to mention that the link will work all the more if your community is large.
Beyond monetization on Facebook, other solutions exist to earn money online, particularly on the websites we recommend: paid surveys, website tests, link sharing, sale of products and services. Thanks to Wiselancer, you discover the most reliable ideas and sites online. The only condition is to spend a little time there every day.
Below, feel free to rate the article. Leave your comment on the provided place to give your opinion.
https://independent.academia.edu/shamsulIslam8
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EARN MONEY ON THE INTERNET | JOBS THAT PAY WELL
Gigantic mountains, huge glaciers and beautiful plains full of wild animals are some of the inspiring views that make this world a splendid place to live in. While checking the most stunning places worldwide, it seems impracticable to decide the place to visit on a priority basis. The Middle East desserts, Southeast Asia islands and the countless incredible sites in USA make it really hard to select one place.
It needs a lifetime to pin down all the greatest hits of Mother Nature. After great consideration, 51 astounding sceneries and overwhelming wonders are selected ranging from Antarctica to Zimbabwe. Whether your next destination is an impressive national park, beach or forest, the below-mentioned 51 most stunning places will facilitate you to figure out your upcoming traveling destination:
The Azores is located almost 900 miles away from the Lisbon coast. Even the photo of this place is enough to inspire and motivate the wanderlust. The luxuriant valleys, vertical sea cliffs, dispersion of waterfalls and strings of blue hydrangeas have changed the Azores into worth exploring paradise.
The attractions of the Galapagos need no explanation. If you have sufficient budget and time, you are suggested to make a preference and visit this place. Visitors get surprised to find dinosaur-like colossal tortoises hobbling through grass and blue-footed real-life boobies. Cruise is the best way to travel around this heaven-like island.
Japan is sanctified with beautiful sites therefore it is really convoluted to find out the best place. If you are fond of postcards, you may have seen the images of Mount Fuji on these cards. It is 12,388 feet high. Along with the mount, there is Lake Kawaguchiko blessed with eye-catching views of cherry blossom trees and the mountain. Making your photographs or shoot reels run on social media is worth it.
If you are fond of hiking, satisfy your longing by visiting Mount Fuji from the middle of July to August. This is the ideal time when snow dissolves, giving easy access to Fuji’s peak.
Have you ever heard about Amazon? There is a famous and largest online shopping site named after Earth’s largest lush green rainforest. It is the habitat of more than 1,300 species of birds and above 40,000 species of plants. The Amazon has covered almost 40% of South America, including some parts of Colombia, Peru and Brazil.
If you are going to visit this green rainforest, make certain to admire the varied wildlife and winding rivers. Unluckily, the change in climate and fire is diminishing the habitat of priceless species.
Many people get puzzled after knowing the very name “The Dead Sea”. In reality, it is a saline-baked lake that is sheltered with serpentine white salt and lined palm tree-based mountains. The excessive quantity of salt makes it weird to swim in electric blue water; however, floating is quite easy in this lake.
Most of the people have visited black and white sand beaches but the very name of pink sand beaches is enough to motivate you for your next trip. Just confirm the ticket and prepare for a Caribbean tour. In Spain, you are given the advantage of swimming in the mesmerizing rose-tinted water. The heavenly lake in Valencia is part of the National Park Las Salinas de Torrevieja. It is a habitation of countless flamingos in the breeding season. Most frequently, locals get the benefit of a natural spa from this lake. The presence of a great quantity of salt has made the lake most suitable for exfoliating and detoxing.
It is true the maximum part of Antarctica is enclosed with ice. The landscape has diverse images covering active volcanoes, blue glaciers, untouched snow, and rough waterways. These images become breathtaking when humpback whale or emperor penguin gives an instant emergence.
Are you eager to explore the untamed and raw beauty? We suggest you pack your bags and set Ireland as your next destination. The West Clare Coast of Ireland is a wonderful place having the highest point 702 feet. In “The Princess Bride”, these cliffs are known as the Cliffs of Insanity, positioned South of Galway.
Have you ever noticed the endless lavender fields? If not then plan to visit the best fragrant area in France. The Provence is the most appealing place. The distilleries are present where the essential oil is extracted and bottled to use the aromatic oil in creams, lotions and soaps. The massive amount of violet lavender flowers is the true source of satisfaction.
If you drive north of Chile’s area “San Pedro de Atacama” for three hours, an astonishing salt lake located in the shade of the Andes. It is famous for blood-red water, which is actually the effect of algae flourishing in severe heat. From December to April, the salt lake and Flamingos give an alluring look. Actually, it is the time when the lake is completely filled with water. New breeds of birds and the ideal reflection of the lake make the area perfect for photos. Try to visit the lake when the sun is setting as it is a great time to view the red color at its peak.
Basically, it is 100 square miles of magnetism in Hunan Province, China. There are innumerable sandstone columns that are similar to natural skyscrapers. Even some pillars are taller than the midpoint of the Empire State Building.
Though there are numerous prominent mountains, Africa’s highest peak is only one of its kind. It is a prehistoric stratovolcano and does not belong to the mountain range. In other words, 19,000 feet pinnacle drops down in huge quantity and makes a mirage-like jinx on extensive topography. Furthermore, there is no scientific mountaineering dexterity to the summit. As a result, neophyte hikers can easily cross it.
In the Maldives, Vaadhoo Island has an excess of beaches, enough to lose the consciousness of tourists. The reef’s water having bioluminescent phytoplankton originates a spectacular blue glow. It gives an impression as if stars have made the earth their home at night. This phenomenon is familiar as the “Sea of Stars”.
In Japan, the Bamboo Grove located on Kyoto’s outskirts is an eye-catching place for travelers. The unearthly glow and infinite bamboo height give an illustrated empire experience. The Ministry of Environment, Japan added resonance in 1996. Sounds like the rustling of leaves and wood creaking are the best soundscapes
In Hawaii, Na Pali Coast is the most splendid coastline having soaring waterfalls and inaccessible semi-circular beaches. You need to do some effort in order to absorb its wonders as Na Pali is visible by catamaran, grueling hike, or helicopter.
The unearthly landscape of the Namib Desert and remote magnificent lodges, and a great population of elephants, giraffes, and rhinos have made this place matchless. Finding another place as enchanting as the Namib Desert is a challenge. Dunes of red sand, as well as skeletal trees, will give the feeling as if you are on Mars planet.
Italy is included as one of those parts of the country, blessed profoundly with natural beauty in the form of verdant hills, white sand beaches, craggy peaks and turquoise waters. Capri Island is worth visiting for the most dazzling spots.
If there would be a shoreline on the moon, the image must be similar to Reynisfjara. It is half an hour from the area of Vik in Southern Iceland. After viewing the jet-black sand and marvelous basalt columns, you will forget to close your eyes. No doubt, these are the most imposing sites of Reynisfjara Beach.
In Turkey, Cappadocia is the most surprising area where whole cities have been crafted from rocks. This unique and incredible area becomes more fascinating when hot air balloons cover the sky. With the sunrise, tourists gather and enjoy riding in colorful hot air balloons.
Salar de Uyuni in Southwest Bolivia is the biggest salt flat on Earth. It is the strangest landscape. Salt changes into white tiles when the land gets dried. On the other hand, the wet season turns the lake into a mirror to capture the endless sky. Absolutely, it is an infinite dreamy illusion, enough to mesmerize the viewers. It gives misapprehension as if the sky has no end and the earth is turned into a blue canopy full of white clouds.
The Namibian border and the Northern Cape Province belong to Namaqualand. This region has gained attention for excessive and colorful wildflowers which bloom in the sandy area from August to September. Do not lose heart if you cannot visit in these months. There are splendid mountains and evergreen plants that welcome visitors around the year. The view really becomes magnificent when the sight of an antelope amid flowers is captured.
There is a profusion of natural wonders in Venezuela, including the highest waterfall in the world. It is 3,212 feet high flow of Angel Falls can be visited in the National Park Canaima, which is also UNESCO protected.
The Great Barrier Reef is the popular biggest alive thing on this planet, even visible from space. It is an ideal point for scuba divers and snorkelers; therefore, many tourists visit Barrier Reef every year. Whitehaven Beach is the most attractive place on earth for resurfacing.
People believe the Grand Canyon is an unbelievable natural wonder that magnetizes visitors from around the world. The Grand Canyon is a National Park most suitable for hiking. The scenic loops in the form of South Rim Trail and Horseshoe Bend give a clear vision of the Painted Desert, waterfalls, and Navajo Nation.
The natural beauty of Machu Picchu makes the place enthralling for tourists. Balanced atop the packed down crest of the mountain, the olden wonder of the World gets an advantage from Huayna Picchu’s backdrop. Apart from the landmark’s reputation, the Andean Peaks’ obstruction and luxuriant green surfaces make you feel like you are visiting a secret area.
For African adventurers, Tanzania is the most ideal site. It is situated in Serengeti and favorable place to visit in the winter season, especially from January to March. These are the months when you are capable to view the Great Migration. Each and every year, almost 1.5 million animals (wildebeest) breeze through East Africa.
In California, the Sequoia National Park is the habitation of 8000 giant sequoia trees. The colossal tree world has an extraordinary tree named “General Sherman” which was actually the name of the Civil War general. The tree pays tribute to the champion of treasured acres. The height of this tree is 275 feet whereas the width is 25 feet. In short, it is the single-stem largest tree on this planet.
Torres del Paine has granite pillars and grazing guanacos. It is an extraordinary national park in the Southern Hemisphere. Side by side, it is an unavoidable destination for hiking lovers. If you are mega-ambitious, try to cover the Full Circuit as it will take 9 days to cross the park.
Limestone cliffs and blue lagoons are the notable features that have turned Palawan into one of the worth-visiting islands. It is a friendly habitat of the unearthly Subterranean River Puerto Princesa. It is acknowledged as a World Heritage UNESCO Site that covers 5 miles distance through a cave system below the ground.
Socotra is located 350 miles far from the southern Yemen coast. The remote area has turned the Socotra into a distant planet. The most prominent trait of Socotra is Dragon blood trees that are similar to UFOs. It is hard to find such trees in neighborhood parks.
Blue-hued, pink and purple lupin flowers belong to North America. They are not the inhabitant of New Zealand. In the South Island, these colorful flowers bloom in abundance. Especially at Tekapo Lake, the flowers blossom side by side with crystal clear water. In reality, it is the most spectacular panorama of the country.
Have you ever enjoyed the beautiful scene of falling water? Nothing is as enchanting as the largest waterfall covering the one-mile area. Try to confirm your ticket in the spring season (February to May). In these months, you are given the advantage of enjoying the clear view of water fall almost 500 million liters that drops down after each and every minute.
Madagascar is an adventurous and daring place, isolated from Africa through 250 miles of clean water. Bug-eyed lemurs and giant moths are the secrets of this island. Furthermore, the Avenue of the Baobabs having strange ancient trees is also worth visiting as above 100 feet tall trees are enough to grab your attention.
The Lofoten is located 95 miles away the north of Arctic Circle and 800 miles far from Oslo. The island is well-known for its rugged, natural beauty and remote area. The clean deep blue water, Rocky Mountains, fishing villages and edgy museums are some of the splendid spots that you can find everywhere in Scandinavia.
In the Northeast of Vietnam, the most stunning island of Ha Long Bay is present, loaded with limestone and blue waters. To get close to this stunning island, try to board a junk Chinese boat and get in close contact with an emerald basin covered with mist.
It is one of the best and must-see places in Canada. It is overpowered with sights of animals and the Canadian Rockies. Banff National Park is popular for the profusion of lakes, covering Lake Minnewanka, Moraine Lake and Lake Louise, etc. Each of these lakes is faultless and immaculate.
Game of Thrones, Season One has captured the scene from Northern Ireland. It is a tree-lined beautiful road that is just wonderful for a storybook villain to live aside. Local legends say that the Dark Edges road is haunted and a Grey Lady lives there after sunset and nightfall.
The Cloud Forest Reserve Monteverde is renowned for its biodiversity. The presence of bats, migratory birds, reptiles and miscellany of orchids above 500 species has covered the 26,000 acres area in the northwest of San Jose’s capital.
Are you an audacious traveler, getting bored of Vineyards in France or ordinary mountain tracks in the Alps? Visit Georgia as it offers everything that daring tourist demands, covering vineyards as well. The hiking trails are superb lines of attack in order to observe the variety. The mountain tracks wind through another mountain range Greater Caucasus separating the Europe from Continent of Asia.
Compared to Santorini and Mykonos, the Zakynthos is less populated. It is blessed with the most striking beach, known as Navagio Beach in Greek Isles. Cliffs cover it and are only reachable by boat.
In Malaysia, it is not easy to pick a single dazzling spot. The Cameron Highlands will definitely get the award if a search is conducted. In Pahang state, Cameron Highlands is located. It has covered a region of almost 275 square miles for tea plantations. The presence of green hills, strawberry farms, and butterfly gardens are some of the worth-mentioning attractions that do not let the visitors depart.
Regardless of shrinking elevation and change in name, National Park Denali has fabulous spots with extremely low temperatures. It is better to arrange a road trip and enjoy viewing the simmering lakes covering almost six million acres and uneven mountains during your journey.
Plitvice lakes are the most favorite places for selfie-taking visitors. In Croatia, there are 16 terraced lakes, joined by waterfalls with a variety of blue water shades. These lakes with differences in water color give considerably impressive outcomes.
For a tourist, the journey remains accomplished until and unless he/she visits snowy areas. Do not miss to add to your list Finnish Lapland. The northern region looks stunning in warm months, so try to plan your trip from March to November. In cold months, the threes are overloaded with snow and Northern Lights give an impression of sparkling icons.
Wadi Rum is full of Red sand (similar to Mars Planet), natural arches, caverns, and cliffs. There is some attraction for directors and tourists in the Wadi Rum. The movies like Rogue One, The Martian, and Lawrence of Arabia are some of the movies that are pasteurized here. At night, the sky changes into an unrivaled coverlet of stars. The most stunning view compels visitors to come again and again.
Countless hill tracks and fairy pools make the Isle of Sky dreamlike stuff. The timeless nature and contemporary food scenes have turned this spot of Scotland into an impressive site with a variety of cuisine.
Indonesia has a long chain of islands, including more than 1500 islands away from the West Papua western coast. The elongated sequence of Islands is known as Raja Ampat. The prehistoric views in the form of uneven lava mountains fully clad in forest, palm trees growing out of pure cliff walls and fog wandering in and out of profound canyons are simply out of this world.
In Colombia, Valle de Cocora is the most elegant landscape. If you drive west of Bogota for 7 hours, you get a chance to visit a park full of palm trees. These trees are acknowledged worldwide due to their tallest range, almost 200 feet. The palm trees give a fabulous look when the hills behind these trees and stony mountains get covered with mist.
You must have seen the images of beautiful Trollltunga in your account on Instagram or Pinterest. It is an extraordinary place, ideal for photography. On top of Lake Ringedalsvatnet, there is protruding rock as high as 2300 feet, encouraging visitors to touch the edge. Due to excessive fame, Trolltunga has suffered badly and tourists’ caps are hired to protect the location. If it is unfeasible to touch the highest rock, try capturing some photographs from nearby mountains.
Rakotz Lake is southeast of Berlin almost 2 hours drive, veiled in Rhododendron Park and Azalea. It is the favorite spot for fairytale-like sights. From 19 century, Rakotzbrucke has gained attraction for its stone bridge that gives an illusion of a wonderful circle when the stone is reflected from underneath the water. People also refer to this bridge as Devil’s Bridge. The bridge’s structure is so impractical that they believe that otherworldly power might have built the bridge.
Virgin Gorda is ranked the 3rd largest island among the British Virgin Islands. The great island is covered with natural beauty and 8.5 square miles of area presents the coves, quiet beaches, and national parks having an abundance of flora. A seaside area recognized as “The Baths” where scenic grottos and saltwater pools are made up of granite boulders, is the most admirable attraction of the British Virgin Islands.
https://independent.academia.edu/shamsulIslam8
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25 BEDAZZLE EXOTIC BIRDS CAPABLE TO GRAB YOUR ATTENTION
About a quarter of smokers say they want to reduce their cigarette consumption instead of completely quitting. In a group of smokers with chronic bronchial obstruction followed for five years, who were advised to stop smoking, a quarter smoked the same amount at the end of the study, 43% a number between the initial amount and half, and 30% less than half. All participants who had reduced their tobacco consumption were using nicotine substitutes like electronic cigarettes.
In another group of smokers followed for three years, the number of smokers who had reduced their consumption was higher than those who had quit. Factors associated with the reduction were:
Another study carried out among a group of Spanish smokers, followed for eight years, confirmed the impact of health problems on reducing long-term tobacco consumption. Among 19,000 Danish smokers who followed for fifteen years, 10% spontaneously reduced their consumption by more than half.
It emits an aerosol from a heated liquid, while the “classic” cigarette emits smoke from tobacco combustion. As the scientific studies supported by Public Health England point out, e-cigarette vapor contains 95% less harmful substances than tobacco smoke.
While World No Tobacco Day takes place on May 31, one can wonder about the benefits of e-cigarettes. Are electronic cigarettes really an attractive alternative to conventional cigarettes?
Electronic cigarette mainly attracts the young and male audience. Especially appreciated by smokers or former smokers, the e-cigarette can be a good solution for tobacco harm reduction and for those willing to quit smoking. Thanks to this invention, 400,000 people have already succeeded in quitting smoking, at least temporarily! The appeal of the electronic cigarette also lies in its price since such equipment costs less than the consumption of conventional cigarettes. It is, therefore, an alternative to save money by satisfying your craving for nicotine.
The debate still divides the medical profession: does the electronic cigarette help with smoking cessation? The studies lead to contradictory results, especially as a significant proportion of e-cigarette users continue to smoke tobacco, but it is always good; these smokers consume (much) less cigarettes. Between 2010 and 2015, while during this period, e-cigarette use increased from 1.4% to between 15 and 30%, the rate of smoking cessation increased from 4.5 % to 5.6%. Apart from these few figures, the medical profession has no data on the possible undesirable effects. The e-cigarette is considered a consumer product and not a medical device. But according to the latest work of the High Council of Public Health, electronic cigarettes can constitute aid to stop or, at the very least, reduce the consumption of tobacco.
The disposable electronic cigarette has obsolete and low-quality components, giving it a disposable character. Like all electronic cigarettes, they are composed of a battery and a resistance that transforms liquid into vapor. The battery is not rechargeable, and the resistance does not allow a strong flow of smoke (reminder: this is the duo of battery power + quality of the resistance that will enable you to vary the rate of smoking and the feeling of flavors).
Obviously, the parts are interchangeable on a rechargeable electronic cigarette, and changing the battery and the resistance is possible to have a more efficient product. However, disposable electronic cigarette has significant advantages.
The strengths of the disposable electronic cigarette are as follows:
· The disposable E-cigarette looks a lot like traditional cigarettes, small, light, and even imitates incandescence when inhaled. Therefore the gestures are the same.
· They cost around 6 euros each and correspond to about 30 cigarettes, or a pack and a half of traditional cigarettes.
· They are easy to use and convenient. They automatically turn on as soon as you vacuum. There is no button to press. There is no maintenance because they are thrown away when they do not light up. You don’t need to charge them either; therefore, there is no charger, which is excellent for traveling.
· They are more hygienic; the tips can become nests for germs if not changed frequently.
· They also have all the advantages of non-disposable electronic cigarettes, such as cost, authorization in certain public places, no passive smoking, choice of nicotine level, no risk of fire, and help with withdrawal, and less dangerous than tobacco.
Beyond the growing success of the electronic cigarette, it is essential to know its effects on health. On this subject, the available data are lacking or contradict each other, and the opinions of health professionals are opposed:
On the one hand, supporters of electronic cigarettes claim that the e-cigarette is much less harmful than the conventional cigarette. For them, the e-cigarette can be a “replacement” cigarette because “it is better to vape your whole life than to smoke your whole life,” and above all, it can be effective in helping to quit smoking.
On the other hand, opponents point out that the harmlessness of inhaling substances contained in the vapor of electronic cigarettes has yet to be demonstrated. The effects of these repeated inhalations over the long term could potentially be dangerous for health. This is the overall discourse of WHO.
The electronic cigarette particularly appeals to young people, who are a privileged target of manufacturers’ marketing strategies (particularly flavors). A survey by Sciensano shows that 15-24-year-olds are the most curious to test electronic cigarettes. They use it more occasionally than daily, but more of them use it without having smoked before. Therefore, there is a risk that the use of electronic cigarettes (with nicotine) will cause them to become addicted to nicotine. Some fear an easier transition to classic cigarettes among these young vapers.
https://independent.academia.edu/shamsulIslam8
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TAKE THE NO SMOKING CHALLENGE AND QUIT SMOKING | WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY MAY 31
THE BEST 335 INFORMATIVE SPEECH TOPICS TO SKYROCKET YOUR PRESENTATION
Contents
Introduction.
Walmart Inc.
Operational management in Walmart.
Format.
Product.
Value.
Personal.
Communication.
Providers.
Quality management principles at Walmart. 5
✔️Principle 1: Customer Focus.
✔️Principle 2: System approach to management.
o Principle 3: Process-based approach.
Walmart’s Supply Chain Management.
Cross Docking As a Method for Inventory Tracking.
Technology.
Purchasing policy.
Procurement policy.
Sustainability in Supply Chain.
The Role of the Information System and Its Impact on the Supply Chain.
International expansion and logistics.
References.
Walmart is a US-based multinational retailer that operates chains of discount stores founded in 1962 by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas, based on a strategy of low prices; its expansion occurred quickly, boosting productivity, helping in large part to reduce inflation and increasing purchasing power of Americans (WalMart, 2016). Since its inception, the company has heavily invested in logistics and information infrastructure to facilitate the efficient flow of goods and information (Chopra, Meindl, 2008, p. 7). Furthermore, the company has been the leader in the planning, design, and operation of a supply chain aimed at success.
Even so, the changing market and the endless views on quality management and consumer rights forced the supermarket chain to implement more expensive logistics models. Therefore Walmart developed a new one to support the supply chain and traditional logistics activities; the System Reverse Logistics, which seeks to optimize round trips to the centers of distribution and supermarkets to carry out a selective collection of both defective products such as packaging and packing, avoiding as much as possible that there are trips without load, this practice has allowed them in recent years to reduce costs. It even reduces CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions by contributing to sustainable environmental policies (Dunne & Lusch, 2005).
Walmart took 30 years to net the territory of the flat logistic system from which the systematic conquest of local markets was launched. The company passed the billion mark dollars in turnover per year in 1980, from billion per month in 1986 to billion per week in 1992. It is now more than five billion US dollars in weekly sales (Chandran, 2003). It collects an average of almost 100 million customers per week. The strength of the corporation is remarkable: the sales are higher in comparison to its direct competitors combined (Sears, Target, Kmart, Kroger, Safeway, J.C. Penney), and lastly, in the US, sales denote 7.5% of all those in the die trade tails (excluding auto parts) (Emiliani et al., 2007).
For over 40 years, Walmart management has had only one obsession: reducing costs to maintain low prices and selling more. This goal inspires the innovations implemented by Wal-Mart. To this end, the frugality of the bosses of Wal-Mart, who continue to share their hotel rooms to reduce costs, is legendary, and the head office of the inter-outlet is a drab building without extravagance (Chiles & Dau, 2005).
Finally, another characteristic of Walmart’s structure is its strategy of continuous lower prices, which eradicates promotions. In this manner, the corporation ensures more stability within its sales, avoiding over-stocking or out-of-stock issues arising from the hazards of demand (Johnson, 2008).
Format: Walmart operates different branches: Discount Stores, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets, Sam’s Club, Wal-Mart International, and Walmart.com. All of these with different areas. Additionally, it handles various formats of points of sale (neighborhood, international and express).
Product: This team conducts market research; for example, they shop at the competition, present the points of sale, attend merchandise shows, and analyze their packaging. Inside the warehouse, they also focus on ensuring that their items are adequately and assertively displayed and that their performance appeals to the customers.
Value: For its visitors, the retailer giant offers lower prices, a wide range of products and services, and high quality.
Personal: Employees are motivated and trained by encounters and celebrations with renowned personalities.
Communication: The company appropriates the new slogan: “Save Money, Live Better.” Every element present in the store seeks to communicate something to the customers. Walmart cares about serving three kinds of target segment: the common North American, the more cultured customer, and the consumer whose only priority are organic products. In addition, their main interest is to remain associated with the community through activities like supporting youth groups, helping in emergencies, and support for the soldiers’ families.
Providers: It operates with small suppliers to that of larger companies such as Procter & Gamble and with foreign suppliers.
Source: Gattorna (2006)
In the current volatile economic environment, businesses are forced to develop and implement effective organizational strategies to manage endowed individuals. This situation is particularly acute for those businesses that continue to expand in new markets (Kohlbacher, 2010). Building and sustaining a management team that can remain effective even when the store plans to expand activities in other regions is very challenging for Walmart. According to a survey carried out by Ernst and Young, organizations operating in multiple regions find it very difficult to create an effective management team mainly because of cultural differences, inconsistencies in impending talent management, difficulties in using both international as well as local talent in a balanced way as well as the lack of reliable leadership (Cania, 2011).
This is a relatively novel concept that is assimilated with performance evaluation results. These reports help the management team assess the degree to which the employee holds responsibilities concerning the position (Agulles & Prats, 2011). The management style in Wal-Mart involves minimal consultation or discussions related to change with the employees. The senior staff level and the management levels have different management styles. In addition, wages and salaries are not aligned with the change in working hours, and very minimum compensation is allowed for any extra work done.
Walmart should address the needs of the employees’ welfare and ensure that their compensation is a fair reflection of the services they offer. Other programs should also be initiated to appreciate efforts and encourage the employees’ hard work. In addition, increasing or revising the pay scale will encourage and motivate them to attain organizational goals even in harsh economic times like the COVID-19 pandemic.
The current state needs to address issues that are related to the number of increased grievance cases. Additionally, the turnout is relatively high. This eventually results in bad performance on the part of the company. This can be associated with a management theory presented by Henri Fayol, which discusses equity and remuneration; the stability of the employees’ tenure is the key to developing effective organizations (Akbar, 2012). Hence, Wal-Mart should continue to implement the main principles presented by Fayol to overcome this organizational challenge.
Total quality management (TQM) is a continuous improvement process that is committed to constantly improving product quality (Decenzo, Robbins, & Verhulst, 2010). This strategy requires the organization to ensure that the product or service meets the standard agreed upon by both the company and the consumers. This approach is different from the traditional approach where a quality department would check and monitor the quality and then dispose of those which are not in accordance with TQM and requires the employees and the whole company to maintain the reasonable levels that the management desires (Jafar, Mohammad, Fariba, & Mehrdad, 2010). When a company enacts the TQM approach, the entire process becomes seamless. Innovation is a by-product of a higher quality (Perdomo-Ortiz, Gonza´ lez-Benito, & Galende, 2009).
Quality appears as the principle of a company in the 21st century and is linked to that organization that seeks to consolidate, grow and develop to be successful. The principles of quality management are the great premises used to transmit by the organization’s top management.
The quality management principles cannot be closed; when the ISO 9001 standard is implemented, the company should not suffer. For this standard to be helpful to the organization, it must be taken not as a system to be implemented but as a reference system. The desirable thing is that it is a continuous improvement process in which the ISO 9001 standard acts as part of the principle of a quality organization (Natto, 2014).
Businesses depend on customers and hence should have an in-depth understanding of the present and future needs of these customers, make efforts for customer requirement satisfaction, and endeavor to exceed employee expectations. Additionally, the business should also ensure that the customer needs are not static and dynamic, which means that they are changing with time and becoming increasingly informed and demanding customers. The company has to strive to meet using offering products and services as well as managing them and trying to exceed expectations regularly (Narayanan & Raman, 2004).
This retailer offers its customers a wide selection of products from recognized brands with the best quality. To make this happen, the organization has a supply and distribution network equipped with high technology, standards, and quality, guaranteeing that consumers will always be provided with what they want. Moreover, the concepts of quality and guarantee are also applied to the entire market. An example of its customer service is that if a customer does not find its meat products to be fresh (cold cuts, fresh products, meat and bakery), they can make a purchase return. This policy is valid for 15 days from purchase, and only the receipt or expiration date of the products must be presented; if the customer is not satisfied with the merchandise, they will be given double the value of the merchandise or two identical products (Lee, 2004).
The ultimate goal pursued is the achievement of the objectives set. Identifying, understanding, and managing interconnected procedures as a system contributes to an organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in attaining its set objectives. It will, hence, be essential for the company to notice and manage all the interrelated processes correctly.
The chain is the leader in costs since it is that supplier who tends to assume that the items are generated through inventory, promotional activities within the warehouse, space leasing, and the restocking of the point of sale. If the spaces are misused – either because there is no product rotation or because there are exhausted ones – the supplier must assume the equivalent that the company ceases to receive. Additionally, this must be adjusted to Wal-Mart’s requirements. This retailer invests permanently in technological aspects, which helps reduce costs (for example, “chips” for merchandise, which allows the supplier to review inventory in real-time and thus can restock the shelf) (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013).
A desired result is most efficiently achieved when the events and related resources are managed seamlessly. The actual change can be traced from the idea of the company. It has halted serving as an organization with functional areas or departments to be a company by processes to create value for customers.
Walmart has a division focused on company logistics and has several distribution centers. Some logistics concepts handled by this chain of warehouses are:
“From there to here” logistics is how the retailer obtains its products from suppliers to the shelves and the heart of the supply chain of warehouses. The retail giant shifts several millions of products for its consumers and uses the most advanced sustainable and ecological practices for each procedure.
Distribution Centers: The retailers’ chain comprises one of the biggest distribution operations. Walmart owns more than forty regional distribution centers, and each of the distribution center space measures more than a million square meters and is operated round the clock, 24 hours a day7 days a week, to maintain the movement of its trailers and tractors. In every distribution center, the conveyor belt installed is more than five miles long, which moves 9 thousand different product lines. One must note that these distribution centers supply between 75 and 100 warehouses within a 250-mile radius.
Additional Distribution Centers: The Company has also set up distribution centers for particular product classifications, like jewelry, food, medicine, and shoes/wardrobe. There is also the recognized “DotCom Distribution Center,” which extends support towards the operation of Walmart.com, and the “Site-to-Store” program, the subdivision with the most accelerated growth of the whole supply network of the retailer giant. Focusing on the distribution work, the company maintains its focus on three core fundamentals: Cross docking, concentrating, and distributing itself. It also has its fleet of trucks; they deliver 24 hours a day and have 60% of trips compensated.
Source: Mark (2014)
Workflow is a repeatable pattern of business activity enabled by the systemic organization of the resources within processes, which tends to transform materials, process information, or provide services. It can be considered as a sequence of operations or one or more complex or straightforward mechanisms (Eder, 2009).
Productivity can be defined as a concept determined by the ratio of what is received after what was invested. It is basically the ‘output versus input. This can involve several factors, like the performance of the employees or workforce, time involved in manufacturing products and services, use of equipment, and the return on capital (Iona et al., 2008).
Wal-Mart concentrated its efforts on expanding a highly organized supply chain management strategy and improving its competitive advantage, thereby assuming a leadership position in the market.
Strategic and Efficient Association: Establishes alliances with most of its suppliers. The network of warehouses, suppliers, and stores is determined as one firm. Their focus on its control is less centralized than frequent and informal cooperation (Wal-Mart, 2012).
Value concepts: To add value, Walmart has designed a format to handle various points of sale (neighborhood, international, express, and web). For the design of its Products, it conducts market research; for example, they shop at the competition, present the points of sale, attends merchandise shows, and analyzes merchandise packaging. Customers can appreciate the value of its high quality, low prices, wide variety, and trendy products (McNally, 2005).
Back Haul Logistics Service: Wal-Mart’s transportation goes to the supplier’s warehouse and takes it to the corresponding distribution center.
Inbound Logistics Service: The staff that goes through the merchandise to the supplier’s warehouse reviews it in more detail; it is a specialized service for shipping merchandise to the distribution center (Market Wire, 2006).
Porting Logistics Service: Refers to the porting service, a trustworthy pre-receipt area that sends the merchandise to a destination CEDIS; the charge is per pallet depending on the CEDIS that was sent.
CEDI – Distribution Center: In logistics and traffic, CEDIS is used as an alternative to improve freight and freight costs, both raw material and finished product (Global 500, 2017).
Innovation in Walmart’s supply chain was initiated when the company abolished certain links within it. In the 1980s, Walmart began directly functioning with the manufacturers to lower costs and better manage the supply chain.
Manufacturers manage products in Walmart warehouses as part of the Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) initiative. Walmart expected to close with 100% merchandise restocking (Grean & Shaw, 2002).
In exchange for the lowest prices possible, wal-Mart institutes strategic coalitions with many suppliers by giving them the probability of long-term, high-volume purchases. Additionally, Walmart improved its supply chain network by developing communication networks with suppliers to improvise the material flow with low inventories.
The behavior of Wal-Mart’s network of warehouses, suppliers, and retail stores is defined as if it were a single firm. Suppliers operating in the supply chain network align their demand predictions to be a part of a collaborative forecasting, planning, and resupply scheme. It can be said that all links within the supply chain are linked through technological tools, inclusive of a central database, a satellite network, and a store-level point-of-sale system (Freeman et al., 2011).
In recent years, Walmart has used radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and numerical codes, which are assessed from a certain distance for tracking product movement during the supply chain. Since Walmart and the suppliers should manage inventory levels, Walmart has invigorated its suppliers to use RFID technology (Jones et al., 2005).
Wal-Mart’s approach results in less centralized control of informal and frequent cooperation between the distribution centers, stores, and suppliers. What makes Walmart so innovative is that it has been constantly sharing all this information with its partners when previously, no organization did. Many even paid third parties to obtain that information.
Taken together, these exemplary supplier relationship techniques allow a company to deliver products of higher quality in a timely fashion, eventually resulting in customer satisfaction.
In logistics, cross-docking relates to order planning (a function of a logistics warehouse) devoid of employing merchandise in the stock or inventory or receiving. It allows the transit of materials to various places or combines goods bought from different regions (Manuj & Mentzer, 2008).
The logistics practice of cross-docking is an integral component of Walmart’s strategy to restock inventory effectively. It states the un-deviated product transfer from an inbound truck to an outbound truck without using an extra storage facility.
Suppliers tend to deliver products to the distribution centers of Wal-Mart, where they will be shifted to another truck, which is on the duty of delivering those products to the stores. The cross-docking keeps transportation and inventory costs lower, reducing time to transport and eliminating inefficiencies.
Cross-docking makes it possible to avoid resting the inventory idle for longer periods; since the suppliers send the products to the Wal-Mart warehouses, they are automatically sent to the stores. The procedure involves 24 hours or less. This strategy allows Wal-Mart to reduce costs considerably and transforms them into exceedingly competitive consumer prices (Magretta, 2002).
Technology plays an essential role at Wal-Mart by being a fundamental basis of its supply chain network. In its persistent quest to reduce prices, the retail giant has embraced technology to emerge as an innovator in tracking store inventory or merchandise and restocking shelves, allowing them to cut costs. The retailer has the most extended technological infrastructure than any other corporation internationally. Its network designing and state-of-the-art technology lets it accurately predict demand, control and envisage inventory levels, create highly effective transportation routes, and manage logistics for customer service and relationships (Traub, 2012).
For example, Walmart was the first to implement UPC (Universal Product Code) barcodes throughout the company, with which information can be gathered at the store level and immediately analyzed. Moreover, the retailer has developed a technological facility called the Retail Link, a global satellite network database system. This technology is linked with the analysts who forecast demand, which displays information on real-time sales from the cash registers to the distribution centers.
Even recently, the company initiated the application of intelligent labels, read by a handheld scanner, through which the employees can immediately know which product needs to be supplanted to make the shelves constantly filled up and inventory tracked closely.
As per the University of Arkansas analysts, there has been an almost 16% drop in out-of-stock issues since Walmart implemented RFID technology within its network supply chain. Experts also identified that brands applying electronic product codes restocked three times quicker than items using only traditional barcode technology (Perret et al., 2007).
Additionally, Wal-Mart also connected its suppliers through computers. For example, they created a collaboration model with Proctor and Gamble for maintaining inventory in stores. They created an automated reordering system, which connects all systems in the factory of P&G through satellites. In such a way, P&G delivers products to Wal-Mart, either in one of its distribution centers or shipping directly to that outlet or store where it is required.
Wal-Mart’s underlying management strategy has given it a chain of competitive advantages, inclusive of improved product costs, lower inventory management costs, improved selection within the stores, and hence, a low price that is competitive for the consumers. This management strategy has helped the company remain dominant in a highly competitive international market. As technology progresses, Wal-Mart emphasizes implementing innovative processes or systems to improve the supply chain for increased efficiency (Wal-Mart Corporation, 2003).
Walmart’s policy is based upon the simple norm of “cutting” costs to the lowest price possible and selling more. The group’s purchasing policy is hence predisposed to this principle. Wal-Mart defines two angles of thinking to keep prices low:
First, Wal-Mart does a market analysis. It ensures specific stability of its sales by practicing a policy of constant low prices. Thus, it avoids delicate situations of overstocking or out of stock, a consequence of fluctuations in demand. Secondly, it makes a rigorous selection of suppliers. The giant rarely takes the first step to finding a new supplier. It takes a leadership position and is placed in a position of strength by letting others take the initiative. The selection of suppliers is made according to Wal-Mart standards and criteria. Some suppliers have reformed their products so that their products are a better match for the Wal-Mart image.
For the giant, being a specialist in its sector, knowing your market perfectly, offering targeted products, and being ready for anything are the essential characteristics of a good supplier. Following this first choice, Wal-Mart analyzes the company’s politics and functioning. The corporation invests time with potential suppliers to understand their cost structures (Wal-Mart International, 2006).
Finally, the negotiations start. Once common ground is established, a “Win-Win” relationship develops between the supplier and Walmart. The giant imposes minimized margins, and profitability is based on volumes. Suppliers commit to prices; in return, Wal-Mart ensures their production. Thus some suppliers manage to obtain a monopoly on the manufacture of a product. In conclusion, the giant’s purchasing policy can be concluded with a stern selection of its suppliers and establishing a win-win relationship while imposing minimum margins to offer low prices. It is also characterized by containing contingencies due to the variations in stocks undergone by an uncontrolled demand (Lu, 2014).
Wal-Mart provides its partners with a computerized system (Retail Link) to link all stores. With real-time sales information, suppliers can anticipate and optimize supplies. Between processing information, ordering, and delivering the products to the store. Priority is given to information and processed as quickly as possible. In Wal-Mart warehouses, more than half of the products processed only pass through. They stay for a few minutes and are sent directly to the stores. Upon arrival in the stores, the goods are immediately placed on the shelves.
In the aspect of sustainability within operations, Walmart announced that from 2010 they have managed to eliminate 120 thousand metric tons of emissions. Thereby saving $231 million by recycling packages and doubling its supply of local produce (Mujtaba, 2007). In addition, the Global Responsibility Report (GRR) indicates that Walmart’s ecological initiatives have reduced their environmental impact. However, increased the effectiveness of its supply chain and points of sale and addressed social issues. The three main goals are using 100 percent renewable energy, generating zero waste, and selling products. It will bring benefit both people and the ecosystem.
The company declared that in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2013-14. It obtained profits of 3,742 million dollars, which is equivalent to a year-on-year increase of 10.1%. This result is partly due to the 2.6% increase in sales made in its stores located in the US.
During this period, the retailer experienced a 9% increase in its cost of production, which amounted to 85,186 million dollars (whereas in a similar period in 2011, this figure was only 78,177 million dollars) (Jones, 2006). The company announced that it expects that, in the 2nd quarter of the same fiscal year, can achieve a net profit per share that in 2012, it was confirmed by Fortune magazine that the oil company Exxon Mobil positioned itself as the biggest corporation in the United States, dethroning Wal-Mart from this privileged position. According to prominent publications in North America, Exxon Mobil reached a turnover of 452,926 million dollars in the last fiscal year, and Walmart – in this same period – reached 446,950 million dollars (Wailgum, 2014).
On the other hand – referring to the expansion plans that this retailer has – Rob Walton (President of the United States Board of Directors of the retail chain) stated that he does not rule out that this franchise decides to start operations in other countries; the ideal conditions must exist to allow this opening. Additionally, Wal-Mart evaluates that it could increase its sales in the United States by approximately 5 billion dollars annually, thanks to the strategy of fully supplying its points of sale.
The retailer has been working on improving its sales and inventory level for more than a year and thus made a decision to hire Retail In-sight (in England) as well as Acosta Inc. (in the US) for both firms to take a tour of the stores and analyze the level of stocks. Expert sources say that the five thousand million in additional sales would be above the income reported in 2011 by Wal-Mart stores in the United States (3,930 million dollars) (Clara, 2014).
The retailer’s information system is at the core of its network of supply chains. When its first distribution center was set up, it had a warehouse management system (retail link). This high-tech device links all suppliers to all the stores of Wal-Mart. Thus, they can keep up-to-date on daily product sales and react in real time to store restocking. Maintaining a history of several weeks also helps them manage their stocks better. This information saved allows for optimizing, adjusting, and even anticipating supplies. Good management of the sales network demands the automation of business operations (Johnson, 2002).
One of Wal-Mart’s successes is also logistics management. Walmart entrusted this part to SCM Supply, a British giant Tibett & Britten subsidiary. This one counts as prestigious client brands such as IBM, Nike, Gap, Carrefour, or Metro. In this area, too, information is at the center of concerns. No aspect is left to chance; the whole thing is planned. The movement of all the goods is recorded and documented. At a given time, more than 80,000 references are managed, recorded, and traced (Handfield & Nichols, 2002).
In warehouses, more than half of the products only pass through and return to the stores. This notion of speed is at the heart of supply chain management at WalMart. The main objective is to sell the merchandise quickly so that customers pay it before the supplier pays. It is the customers who ensure the cash flow of the firm.
Sam Walton founded Walmart in the seventies; its growth level registered strength for the company until it became the biggest retailer in the US, having an annual sale of approximately 32.6 million dollars registered in the early 1990s. This growth to a potential level that led a mid-sized Arkansas retailer to emerge as a company that is recognized nationally was based on a top-notch management team, which established a series of operating strategies that were highly innovative, thus extending support to the commitment of the company to offer the consumer a varied selection of high-value merchandise at a low cost (Mujtaba, 2006).
Wal-Mart ventured into a circular distribution system, in which the central warehouse distributions are strategically situated for supply groups of stores; such a situation was used to reduce inventory and logistics costs. In addition, Wal-Mart was the pioneering organization that implemented a computerized information system for tracing the sales of stores and immediately communicated this information to the suppliers. Information obtained from these computer-based systems is used for determining both the pricing and the storage strategy, along with improving the management and control of inventories.
Therefore, Walmart remains to be a leader in information systems presently. WalMart stores, suppliers, and distribution centers are interlinked by sophisticated information systems as well as communication systems through satellite, which allow the adjustment of stock prices and orders on a daily basis.
Its success rests on the nature of the strategic control systems that its founder, established for the company, Sam Walton, created a strategic control system that provided employees at every level with feedback related to their ongoing performance and that of the company (Mujtaba, 2007).
Walmart has developed a culture and a control system that creates incentives for both associates and managers to do their best for the company. This culture is supported by a generous plan of stock ownership and profit sharing with all the employees, including managers. In addition, Wal-Mart, a pillar in the development of a dynamic and egalitarian culture, provides authority to warehouse managers, heads of departments, as well as individual employees (known as associates); they are given special treatment however at the same time, a higher level of, as well as excellent performance, is required.
To achieve this, a system of financial control was developed which gave managers the power to monitor performance daily in all aspects of the business; The information regarding the store’s profits and the turnover rate of the goods is provided to the managers who, in turn, communicate it to the employees; Thus, by information sharing, the Walton Method enables all the managers to understand the basics of the retail business to improve it. If a store has underperforming associates or managers, the associated reasons can be discussed, and a solution can be derived to enhance the performance level (Leenders et al., 2006).
Walton devised and established an intricate control system based on rules and budgets to determine the behavior of employees. Top-level managers visit stores that report problems and dedicate Saturdays to meetings debating the financial results of the week and its implications in the future. To do this, Walton insisted on linking performance with the level of rewards. The individual performance of each manager is measured by their capability to meet precise production goals or objectives and is reflected in salary increases and promotion opportunities. To do this, Walmart promotes and incentivizes from inside the company rather than hiring managers from other companies. In the same way that top-level managers are given huge stock options related to the performance objectives and the price of the shares of the company; ordinary associates can also benefit from such action;
For example, a manager who joined in the 1970s, by this time may have gathered more than $ 250,000 in stocks due to the rise in the stock of Walmart over time. Each store will perform its undertakings in a similar manner. All the employees will be receiving similar training so as to train them how to behave in front of customers, so Walmart can handle standardized operations, which records greater cost savings and allows making changes in stores with greater flexibility; Walmart is not satisfied with just using behavioral controls and monetary rewards.
They are engaging their employees in business and encouraging them to develop such behaviors at work which is more focused on the provision of quality customer service, developing strong cultural values and company norms, most notably the ten-foot attitude developed by Walton during his visits to stores, where he encouraged his managers to pledge that as long as they were within ten feet of the distance of a client, they would look them in the eye, greet them and ask if they could help him; the rule of the fall of the sun, which establishes that employees must endeavor to respond to customer requests at sunset on the same day they receive them; and the Wal-Mart cheer (give me a W, give me an A and so on) that is used in all stores (Simchi-Levi et al., 2003).
Irrespective of successes Walmart faced significant problems in 1991. With more than 1,500 stores operating nationwide, the company’s growth prospects in the US are minimal; as a result, it decided to start expanding its business operations outside the US, hence creating an international brand. Walmart considered Several options closely related to its expansion, including providing licenses to franchisees. However, they immediately decided that it would be a lot better to expand operations by means of wholly owned subsidiaries in the countries whose local regulations made it possible.
Finally, the management concluded that the competitive advantage is based upon a blend of information systems, culture, and supporting logistics. This strategy can be a tough job to convey to the franchisees; it was also considered that the managerial knowledge that underpinned its system and culture failed to correspond to the concept of franchising (Peterson, 2014).
As part of its penetration strategy, once a store in a foreign country has been established or attained, the retailer transfers some American managers to that particular store for at least 2 – 3 years to establish the administrative systems and transfer its culture to the new associates. The strategy has worked; Walmart’s international stores contributed around five billion dollars in sales and 120 billion dollars in revenue, representing their profits. Today the giant Walmart has several stores worldwide, from Canada to Latin America and from the United States to Asia, including “old Europe” (Wal-Mart Inc., 2014).
https://independent.academia.edu/shamsulIslam8
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4PS – WALMART MARKETING MIX GREATEST IMPACT
PESTLE ANALYSIS OF WALMART AND KNOW EFFECT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS