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Know the Finest Global Online Universities, Colleges, and Schools

by Shamsul

Know the Finest Global Online Universities, Colleges, and Schools

Numerous esteemed international online universities, colleges, and schools are recognized for their commitment to delivering high-quality education. Below, we present a curated selection of some of the finest options available, providing students with exceptional learning opportunities and academic excellence on a global scale.

University of London

The University of London provides a diverse array of online undergraduate and postgraduate programs through its distance-learning platform. As a renowned institution with a long-standing commitment to academic excellence, students can expect a high-quality and flexible Online Universities learning experience from the University of London’s online offerings. Embracing the latest advancements in digital education, the university enables learners from around the world to access its esteemed programs without the constraints of geographical boundaries.

 
Open University | Online Universities
 
 
 
 
Hailing from the United Kingdom, The Open University stands as a prestigious institution with a prominent focus on distance and online learning. Its diverse portfolio encompasses a wide range of programs and courses spanning multiple disciplines, catering to the academic interests of learners worldwide. Recognized for its pioneering efforts in digital education, The Open University remains at the forefront of providing accessible and high-quality learning opportunities to a global audience.
 
 
University of Oxford | Online Universities
 
 
   
 
 
The University of Oxford, through its esteemed Department for Continuing Education, extends its academic excellence to online education. As part of its comprehensive offerings, the university provides an array of part-time online courses catering to various fields of interest, along with distinguished postgraduate programs. Embracing innovation, Oxford ensures that students can access top-tier education and engage with renowned faculty from around the world, regardless of geographical constraints.
 
 
Harvard University
 
 
 
 
Through its esteemed Harvard Extension School, Harvard University presents an extensive range of online programs, encompassing certificates, undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. It is designed to offer flexibility and convenience. These programs grant students access to Harvard’s distinguished faculty. Thus, enabling them to partake in a world-class educational experience from anywhere in the world.
 
 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
 
 
 
 
 
MIT extends its academic excellence through its MIT OpenCourseWare platform. It grants access to a diverse array of materials and lectures from real MIT courses. Moreover, MIT Professional Education offers online programs tailored for professionals, catering to their specific needs and career development. With these comprehensive online offerings, MIT continues to inspire and empower learners from all walks of life to pursue their educational and professional aspirations.
   
 
 
Stanford University
 
 
 
 
 
Stanford University’s renowned Stanford Online platform offers extensive online learning opportunities. It encompasses diverse professional certificates, online courses, and various graduate degree programs. By leveraging cutting-edge technology and expertise, Stanford ensures that learners from across the globe can access top-tier education and engage with exceptional faculty members. Whether seeking to enhance professional skills or pursue advanced degrees, Stanford Online University empowers individuals to unlock their potential and achieve academic and career success.
 
 
University of Toronto | Online Universities
 
 
 
 
 
The University of Toronto provides various online programs and courses via its esteemed School of Continuing Studies. With a wide range of subjects covered, these offerings are meticulously designed to offer students maximum flexibility and convenience in their pursuit of knowledge. Leveraging state-of-the-art technology and expert faculty, the university ensures that learners can seamlessly access high-quality education. It empowers them to thrive in their personal and professional endeavors.
 
 
ETH Zurich | Online Universities
 
 
 
   
 
 
ETH Zurich, a prominent Swiss university, is a premier provider of online courses and programs across diverse academic fields. Through this esteemed program, learners can access a wealth of educational opportunities tailored to meet their evolving needs and aspirations. As a trailblazer in digital education, ETH Zurich empowers individuals worldwide to acquire cutting-edge knowledge and expertise from one of the world’s most esteemed institutions.
 
 
University of New South Wales
 
 
 
 
UNSW Sydney, through its dedicated UNSW Online platform, presents a comprehensive suite of online programs. It is spanning a wide array of academic domains. Students can access various courses with a focus on disciplines such as social sciences, engineering, and business. Students can pursue full-fledged degrees from this prestigious Australian institution. UNSW Online empowers learners with the flexibility and convenience to achieve their educational and career goals on a global scale.
 
 
University of Edinburgh
 
 
 
 
 
The University of Edinburgh opens its doors to a world of online learning possibilities with its Edinburgh Online platform. Students can explore various programs and courses tailored to their interests, all conveniently accessible from anywhere. The university offers the opportunity to pursue prestigious online master’s degrees. It is allowing learners to gain a world-class education from this esteemed Scottish institution.
   
 
  
The Bottom Line | Online Universities
 
Keep in mind that Online Universities’ program availability, tuition costs, and admission criteria may differ among these institutions. For the latest and comprehensive details, visiting their official websites or contacting their admissions offices directly is recommended. Staying informed about these essential factors will ensure a well-informed decision when choosing one of the most suitable online universities, online colleges for your academic pursuits.
 
 
 
 
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TOP 10 ONLINE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
 
 
 
 
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Amazing Super App for Everything
 
 by Shamsul   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Super App – There is a Super App for Everything
  
“There’s A Super App for Everything”
 
“There’s an app for that. (There’s an app for that). In 2009, a year after the launch of the Apple Store, Steve Jobs launched this sentence, which later became an advertising slogan to praise the diversity of the Apple brand’s application store. Almost fifteen years later, when the Apple Store now has 1.8 million apps, and Google Play doubles that, the slogan could be updated in this other form:
 
“There’s A Super App for Everything”
 
A super app is a “do everything” application for smartphones, chatting with friends, ordering a taxi, taking out a loan, buying a plane ticket, paying for a loaf of bread, booking a restaurant, listening to music, etc.
 
The phenomenon of super apps was born in China before taking off in Southeast Asia, India, and Latin America, particularly WeChat and Alipay in China, Paytm in India, Grab in Singapore, GoTo in Indonesia, Zalo in Vietnam or Kakao in South Korea and Rappi in Colombia.
 
These super apps that have slipped into the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people are the stuff of dreams for the American tech giants, which multiply the announcement effects touting their own super app, none of which, however, really exists yet. The same thing happened in Europe, especially in the United Kingdom and France. Start-ups or web companies present themselves on this model while their positioning relates to a single field of activity.
 
 
Great Super Apps in China, Southeast Asia, India, Latin America and Africa
 
WeChat and Alipay are the most used super apps in the world. Created in January 2011 by the Tencent group, WeChat (or Weixin, “micro message” in Chinese) was first a mobile messaging application, similar at first glance to WhatsApp or Facebook Messenger, but “the application has actually built its own model, complex, dense and localized, which turns out to be very different from its so-called Western counterparts”, explains Yuwen Zhang, doctor of information and communication sciences. The gradual integration of other features began in 2013, when Tencent rolled out a video game platform and primarily the WeChat Pay payment tool, in June of the same year, a service now essential in China.
 
On the occasion of the Chinese New Year of 2014, Tencent launched a feature called hóng bāo in Chinese, “red envelope,” which is the dematerialization of the ancestral ritual of Christmas gifts, which appeared as early as the Tang dynasty, between 618 and 907 according to our Gregorian calendar. Instead of passing red envelopes between members of the same family, friends, or colleagues, WeChat Pay has dematerialized this manual gift.
 
 
This practice is still perpetuated on the occasion of many traditional festivals. The WeChat Pay, red envelope service offers two possibilities: the envelope exchanged between two people in a private chat or the “grouped” envelope posted in a common chat where each recipient is assigned a random amount. Six years later, 823 million Chinese sent each other hóng bāo on the first six days of the Lunar New Year.
 
Since 2017, third parties have been developing many mini-applications inspired by the Apple and Google store model, but these are directly accessible within the super app without requiring any download. This system has paved the way for countless services, including e-commerce, food delivery, travel, games, videos, finance, and more. Three years after the launch of the first mini-programs, WeChat had 3.2 million, so much so that, from now on, “Chinese people’s lives depend on this application,” observes Yuwen Zhang.
 
Combining both a messaging service called Moments, a microblogging service comparable to the American Instagram, a news service, as well as a payment service with the telephone – in a country where it has sometimes become impossible to pay in cash – the social utility of the super app is undeniable.
 
 
In 2021, WeChat was used monthly by 1.2 billion Chinese every month; more than 120 million of them post on Moments daily; 360 million follow official account information, and 400 million use mini apps. WeChat had enabled 1.6 trillion yuan in transactions in 2020, or nearly $250 billion, through its mini-programs, doubling the value of recorded transactions in 2019. In 2021, 900 million Chinese people traded with more than 10 million merchants accepting WeChat Pay, linked to 1,800 banks and payment institutions.
 
 
The 1st Competitor of WeChat | Super App
 
The first competitor of WeChat Pay from the Tencent group is none other than Alipay, launched in 2004 by Ant Group, a subsidiary of the payment service of Alibaba Group, another Chinese internet giant specializing in e-commerce. Used by 1.3 billion buyers in the third quarter of 2021 and 80 million merchants, Alipay also relies on mini-programs, 1 million in number, offering cross-functional services within the super app. With Alipay, Ant Group collects data from more than 1 billion Chinese, “including a large number of young Internet users without credit cards or solid banking records, as well as data from 80 million merchants”, explains Reuters. 
 
Ant Group was reluctant to share this data with credit reporting companies controlled by Chinese regulators for a long time. In November 2020, two days before what was to be the largest IPO in history, the simultaneous entry of Ant Group on the Shanghai and Hong Kong stock markets, the Chinese authorities decided to “postpone” the event (see La rem n°57-58, p.96 and n°59, p.95).
   
 
 
In April 2021, following an investigation into possible monopolistic practices, Beijing finally fined Alibaba 18.23 billion yuan (equivalent to $2.8 billion) for abuse of a dominant position. The Chinese Communist Party has also legislated on the collection and use of personal data in the context of financial services, worrying in particular about the systemic risk that these services represent, undoubtedly a consequence of the bankruptcy of Evergrande, former number 1 Chinese real estate company whose cumulative debt amounts to 300 billion dollars at the beginning of 2022.
 
Among the services offered, Alipay allows its users to easily subscribe to a bank loan, which is not appreciated by many. According to the Financial Times, the Chinese authorities have decided to require the group to split its payment and loan activities so that the subsidiary in charge of the latter can provide all the data of its borrowing customers to a national rating agency, partly controlled by Beijing.
 
The blows dealt by the Chinese authorities to its national giants benefit other super apps in Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Grab, based in Singapore, where it was founded in 2012, sees its listing on the NASDAQ in November 2021, valuing the company at some 40 billion dollars; today, it is also active in Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, and Burma.
 
 
PayTM Creation | Super App
 
PayTM was created in 2010 and owned by the Indian company One97 Communications (which counts among its shareholders the Chinese Ant Group, Alibaba Group and SAIF Partners, the Japanese SoftBank Vision Fund, and Berkshire Hathaway, an American investment company headed by Warren Buffett), is used by 350 million Indians and valued at more than 16 billion euros.
 
The super app Rappi, created in 2015 in Bogotá, Colombia, is now present in 200 cities across Mexico, Costa Rica, Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. SoftBank also invested $1 billion in it in 2019. In six years, the super app, with RappiPay and Rappi Travel, is valued at $5.25 billion and has been downloaded nearly 70 million times in Latin America, giving work to 85,000 delivery people, including 40,000 in Colombia.
 
 
 
MNT-Halan 
 
In Egypt, MNT-Halan started as a ridesharing and delivery app in 2017 before integrating payment services and obtaining a license from the Central Bank of Egypt. In September 2021, MNT-Halan raised $120 million and claimed 4 million users in January 2022.
 
All of these super apps started as simple meal delivery, taxi, or even credit recharge service applications for prepaid mobile phones before raising significant capital and quickly integrating many other features, first and foremost, a payment service. Super apps are thus developing all over the world, except in Europe and the United States.
 
 
In Europe and the United States | Super App
 
Several reasons, all at the same time cultural, economic, or even legal, could explain the success of super apps outside the United States and Europe. They would similarly underline the difficulties that a great app like WeChat would undoubtedly encounter in expanding outside China.
 
The first peculiarity, of a cultural nature, stems from the fact that many users in emerging countries discover the Internet through their smartphones and, therefore, precisely with these super apps, which also benefit from a network effect with the exponential increase in their use. Another determining factor in the emergence of these super apps in China is the technical and arbitrary blocking by Beijing of access to WhatsApp, Signal, Twitter, Facebook, or even Google, which has given free rein to national companies without foreign competition.
 
In addition, the Chinese, Indian or Colombian super apps were built from a messaging software or a delivery service, on which were then grafted a payment service and other financial services. However, in a very different way, the smartphone market developed first in the United States and Europe, bringing the application market with it. While today’s value tends to migrate from smartphones to services, from hardware to software, the United States has remained the land of the superphone and applications by the millions, not super apps.
 
 
The smartphone app ecosystem, invented by Apple, followed by Google, is largely controlled by the two giants through their app stores. This market brings together a community of application publishers, ranging from independent IT developers to multinationals; each focuses on launching a particular service, resulting in the fragmentation of services into separate, single-use applications.
 
Thus, among a multitude of American applications, some leaders stand out for each type of service: Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, and Twitter for social networks; Deezer or Spotify for music; WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Telegram for messaging; Amazon for delivery; Tinder, Bumble or Badoo for dating apps. In each specific mature market, it will be more difficult for an app to attempt to tie together other services within a single super app.
   
 
In Asia, and even though all smartphones are built in China, the ecosystem has developed very differently, not from the phone, but by offering services through apps and mini-programs, as in China. Moreover, the generalization of QR codes, sesame to move from the physical world to the digital world, has yet to occur in the United States or Europe. This practice is explained in particular by limited access to banks for users of super apps in Eastern countries, where scanning a QR code to pay for a purchase is the equivalent of contactless payment with a credit card in the West.
 
 
Finally, the competitive authorities, who are currently more European, tend to fight against the emergence of monopolies or duopolies, of which super apps are a driving force. Sharing users’ personal data is fine in some countries. In that case, Europe attaches such importance to it that it is now governed by the General Data Protection Regulations (see La rem n°42-43, p.21).
 
However, application publishers in Europe, France, or the United States would like to reach the rank of the Western super app. In that case, it is interesting to note that their project is always based on a particular field of activity. PayPal announced to become a super app in the banking and financial field just like Lydia, launched in 2013 in France, and Revolut, born in Great Britain in 2014, which respectively claim 3 million and 16 million customers in Europe.
 
 
In the Field of Health:
 
In the field of health alone, three candidates are in the running on the French market: Alan, a French health insurance and provident company created in October 2016; Doctolib, a service born in 2013, of European size; and Nabla, launched in 2018, which presents itself as “the super health app for women”. Each of these announcements, however promising, does not meet the criteria of an Indian, Chinese, or Brazilian super app.
 
In Europe, among the first contenders for the title of the super app, the British online bank Revolute has 1.5 million customers in France. It has developed Stays, a service outside of its core business. Stays have been available since July and August 2021 in England and Ireland.
 
Stays gives Revolute customers to book short-term accommodation via the banking application, thus infringing on the pre-square of Airbnb and Booking.com. The online bank plans to add, among other things, plane ticket purchase and car rental services.
 
 
Only a few web giants, such as Facebook, WhatsApp, PayPal, or even Uber, have a sufficiently large user base to attempt to diversify their services. Uber, launched as a passenger transport application, has expanded its services to food delivery, with Uber Eats launched in 2014 in the United States and 2016 in France, then to the rental of scooters and electric bicycles with Jump, sold to Lime, financed by Google, in which Uber reinjected $ 170 million in 2020.
 
This is also the case for WhatsApp, owned by Facebook, which completed its messaging function in South America with a directory to allow users to find local businesses and which, moreover, is testing the provision of banking products in India. Payment applications are the springboard toward the transformation into a super app. Still, the European competition authority will scrutinize the inclinations of these already dominant players to offer other services, “Which says it is very vigilant against the incursions of tech giants in the financial sector, according to media reports.
 
 
PayPal Announced the Evolution of its App into a Super App.
 
In September 2021, PayPal announced the evolution of its app into a super app. “There are too many apps on all our phones – I can’t have apps for my pharmacy, my grocery store, for all the different e-merchants I have,” explained February 2021 Dan Schulman, president of PayPal. With a new interface, the application invites, through a “Finance” tab, to follow, consult and pay supplier invoices, manage savings, and have a cryptocurrency portfolio. The “Payment” tab with messaging functionality is applicable for donations and national and international transfers. Finally, a “Shopping” tab will soon offer discount coupons valid within a network of partners.
 
In the meantime, paying for your classical baguettes with Instagram, publishing family videos in a private group on PayPal, or taking out a micro-loan with Uber is not arriving in Europe anytime soon.
 
 
China’s Dream of Replacing its Currency with a Digital Yuan | Super App
 
In contrast, China’s dream of replacing its currency with a digital yuan issued by the central bank of the People’s Republic is on the way to reality. In the year 2022, the digital yuan e-CNY wallet, launched on the occasion of the Lunar New Year in a few cities, including Shenzhen, Shanghai, and the Winter Olympics area, was the most downloaded application in China, ahead of Alipay and WeChat Pay on Xiaomi’s application store (the equivalent of Google Play in China) and the Apple Store.
 
Unexpectedly, wherever the Winter Olympics are taking place, it is possible to pay with cash, Visa card, or e-yuan, but never with Alipay or WeChat Pay. However, as a “central bank digital currency or MNBC,” the e-yuan is already in use by both applications. Ultimately, the digital yuan will allow the Chinese Communist Party to more closely monitor the financial activity of citizens and businesses everywhere in the world.
   
 
 
 
 
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Tags: Alipay, Apple, Application mobile, Grab, GoTo, Kakao, Paytm, Rappi, WeChat, Super App, Weixin, Zalo
 
 
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Sources:
 
“The red envelope in China”, Sun Chengan, Nouvelles de l’estampe [Online], 241 | 2012, doi.org/10.4000/estampe.940, uploaded October 15, 2019, accessed February 9, 2022.
 
“WeChat, All-purpose media”, Yuwen Zhang, Effeuillage, calameo.com, September 9, 2020.
 
“With $23.5M in funding, Egypt’s Halan turns to microfinance to become the region’s next super-app”, Claudine Coletti, Forbes Middle East, forbesmiddleeast.com, October 2, 2020.
 
“Egyptian fintech super-app Mnt-Halan raises $120 million investment”, Claudine Coletti, Forbes Middle East, forbesmiddleeast.com, October 2, 2020.
 
“WeChat advances e-commerce goals with $250B in transactions”, Rita Liao, techcrunch.com, January 19, 2021.
   
 
“The race to create the world’s next super-app”, Karishma Vaswani, bbc.com, February 5, 2021.
 
“The rise of super-apps wannabes in Latin America: Rappi, Magalu and more”, LAB, labsnews, February 9, 2021.
 
“Paypal: investor day, CEO Remarks”, Dan Schulman, s1.q4cdn.com, February 11, 2021.
 
“What is a great app, and why haven’t they gone global?” », Nessa Anwar, cnbc.co, July 16, 2021.
 
“Rappi’s poor service opens the door for competition, but users aren’t leaving yet”, Megan Janetsky, restofworld.org, July 29, 2021.
 
“Revolut pursues its ambition to become a super-app”, AFP, frenchweb.fr, September 6, 2021.
 
“China: towards the dismantling of the Alipay application? », 6medias, capital.fr, September 13, 2021.
 
“China will reportedly break up Ant Group’s Alipay and force creation of new loans app”, Eustance Huang, cnbc.com, September 13, 2021.
 
 
“Rise of the super app”, Alex Heath, theverge.com, November 1, 2021.
 
“Alibaba recorded 863 million annual buyers in China retail marketplaces in Q3 2021”, CIW Team, chinainternetwatch.com, November 20, 2021.
 
“China, laboratory of super apps”, Marguerite Catton, franceculture.fr, December 30, 2021.
 
“China’s digital yuan: e-CNY wallet tops download charts in Apple and Xiaomi app stores ahead of Lunar New Year”, Coco Feng, Che Pan January, scmp.com, January 10, 2022.
 
“Understand everything about e-yuan, the digital currency that China is promoting during the 2022 Olympics”, Aurore Gayte, numerama.com, February 4, 2022.
 
 
 
 
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  most stunning places  
 
 
Better TipsTop 10TravelWriting
 
The 51 Most Stunning Places in the World
 
 by Shamsul   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The 51 Most Stunning Places in the World World
  
 
Gigantic mountains, huge glaciers and beautiful plains full of wild animals are some of the inspiring views that make this world a splendid place to live in. While checking the most stunning places worldwide, it seems impracticable to decide the place to visit on a priority basis. The Middle East desserts, Southeast Asia islands and the countless incredible sites in USA make it really hard to select one place.
 
It needs a lifetime to pin down all the greatest hits of Mother Nature. After great consideration, 51 astounding sceneries and overwhelming wonders are selected ranging from Antarctica to Zimbabwe. Whether your next destination is an impressive national park, beach or forest, the below-mentioned 51 most stunning places will facilitate you to figure out your upcoming traveling destination:
  
1- The Azores (Portugal) | Most Stunning Places
 
most stunning places
 
 
 
 
The Azores is located almost 900 miles away from the Lisbon coast. Even the photo of this place is enough to inspire and motivate the wanderlust. The luxuriant valleys, vertical sea cliffs, dispersion of waterfalls and strings of blue hydrangeas have changed the Azores into worth exploring paradise.
 
 
2- Galápagos Islands (Ecuador)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
 
 
The attractions of the Galapagos need no explanation. If you have sufficient budget and time, you are suggested to make a preference and visit this place. Visitors get surprised to find dinosaur-like colossal tortoises hobbling through grass and blue-footed real-life boobies. Cruise is the best way to travel around this heaven-like island.
 
 
3- Japan’s Mount Fuji
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japan is sanctified with beautiful sites therefore it is really convoluted to find out the best place. If you are fond of postcards, you may have seen the images of Mount Fuji on these cards. It is 12,388 feet high. Along with the mount, there is Lake Kawaguchiko blessed with eye-catching views of cherry blossom trees and the mountain. Making your photographs or shoot reels run on social media is worth it.
 
If you are fond of hiking, satisfy your longing by visiting Mount Fuji from the middle of July to August. This is the ideal time when snow dissolves, giving easy access to Fuji’s peak.
 
 
4- The Amazon | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Have you ever heard about Amazon? There is a famous and largest online shopping site named after Earth’s largest lush green rainforest. It is the habitat of more than 1,300 species of birds and above 40,000 species of plants. The Amazon has covered almost 40% of South America, including some parts of Colombia, Peru and Brazil.
 
If you are going to visit this green rainforest, make certain to admire the varied wildlife and winding rivers. Unluckily, the change in climate and fire is diminishing the habitat of priceless species.
 
 
5- The Dead Sea (Israel & Jordan)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Many people get puzzled after knowing the very name “The Dead Sea”. In reality, it is a saline-baked lake that is sheltered with serpentine white salt and lined palm tree-based mountains. The excessive quantity of salt makes it weird to swim in electric blue water; however, floating is quite easy in this lake.
 
 
6- Spain’s Las Salinas de Torrevieja | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Most of the people have visited black and white sand beaches but the very name of pink sand beaches is enough to motivate you for your next trip. Just confirm the ticket and prepare for a Caribbean tour. In Spain, you are given the advantage of swimming in the mesmerizing rose-tinted water. The heavenly lake in Valencia is part of the National Park Las Salinas de Torrevieja. It is a habitation of countless flamingos in the breeding season. Most frequently, locals get the benefit of a natural spa from this lake. The presence of a great quantity of salt has made the lake most suitable for exfoliating and detoxing.
 
 
7- Antarctica
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
It is true the maximum part of Antarctica is enclosed with ice. The landscape has diverse images covering active volcanoes, blue glaciers, untouched snow, and rough waterways. These images become breathtaking when humpback whale or emperor penguin gives an instant emergence.
 
 
8- Cliffs of Moher (Ireland) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Are you eager to explore the untamed and raw beauty? We suggest you pack your bags and set Ireland as your next destination. The West Clare Coast of Ireland is a wonderful place having the highest point 702 feet. In “The Princess Bride”, these cliffs are known as the Cliffs of Insanity, positioned South of Galway.
 
 
9- France’s Provence
 
   
 
most stunning places
 
 
Have you ever noticed the endless lavender fields? If not then plan to visit the best fragrant area in France. The Provence is the most appealing place. The distilleries are present where the essential oil is extracted and bottled to use the aromatic oil in creams, lotions and soaps. The massive amount of violet lavender flowers is the true source of satisfaction.
 
 
10- Bolivia’s Laguna Colorada | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
If you drive north of Chile’s area “San Pedro de Atacama” for three hours, an astonishing salt lake located in the shade of the Andes. It is famous for blood-red water, which is actually the effect of algae flourishing in severe heat. From December to April, the salt lake and Flamingos give an alluring look. Actually, it is the time when the lake is completely filled with water. New breeds of birds and the ideal reflection of the lake make the area perfect for photos. Try to visit the lake when the sun is setting as it is a great time to view the red color at its peak.
 
 
11- Wulingyuan Scenic Area (China)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Basically, it is 100 square miles of magnetism in Hunan Province, China. There are innumerable sandstone columns that are similar to natural skyscrapers. Even some pillars are taller than the midpoint of the Empire State Building.
 
 
12- Mount Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Though there are numerous prominent mountains, Africa’s highest peak is only one of its kind. It is a prehistoric stratovolcano and does not belong to the mountain range. In other words, 19,000 feet pinnacle drops down in huge quantity and makes a mirage-like jinx on extensive topography. Furthermore, there is no scientific mountaineering dexterity to the summit. As a result, neophyte hikers can easily cross it.
 
 
13- Vaadhoo Island (Maldives)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In the Maldives, Vaadhoo Island has an excess of beaches, enough to lose the consciousness of tourists. The reef’s water having bioluminescent phytoplankton originates a spectacular blue glow. It gives an impression as if stars have made the earth their home at night. This phenomenon is familiar as the “Sea of Stars”.
 
 
14- Bamboo Grove Arashiyama (Japan) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In Japan, the Bamboo Grove located on Kyoto’s outskirts is an eye-catching place for travelers. The unearthly glow and infinite bamboo height give an illustrated empire experience. The Ministry of Environment, Japan added resonance in 1996. Sounds like the rustling of leaves and wood creaking are the best soundscapes
 
 
15- Hawaii’s Na Pali Coast
 
most stunning places
 
 
In Hawaii, Na Pali Coast is the most splendid coastline having soaring waterfalls and inaccessible semi-circular beaches. You need to do some effort in order to absorb its wonders as Na Pali is visible by catamaran, grueling hike, or helicopter.
 
 
16- Namibia’s Namib Desert | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The unearthly landscape of the Namib Desert and remote magnificent lodges, and a great population of elephants, giraffes, and rhinos have made this place matchless. Finding another place as enchanting as the Namib Desert is a challenge. Dunes of red sand, as well as skeletal trees, will give the feeling as if you are on Mars planet.
 
 
 
17- Capri (Italy)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Italy is included as one of those parts of the country, blessed profoundly with natural beauty in the form of verdant hills, white sand beaches, craggy peaks and turquoise waters. Capri Island is worth visiting for the most dazzling spots.
 
 
18- Reynisfjara (Iceland) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
If there would be a shoreline on the moon, the image must be similar to Reynisfjara. It is half an hour from the area of Vik in Southern Iceland. After viewing the jet-black sand and marvelous basalt columns, you will forget to close your eyes. No doubt, these are the most imposing sites of Reynisfjara Beach.
 
 
19- Cappadocia (Turkey)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In Turkey, Cappadocia is the most surprising area where whole cities have been crafted from rocks. This unique and incredible area becomes more fascinating when hot air balloons cover the sky. With the sunrise, tourists gather and enjoy riding in colorful hot air balloons.
 
 
20- Salar de Uyuni (Bolivia) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Salar de Uyuni in Southwest Bolivia is the biggest salt flat on Earth. It is the strangest landscape. Salt changes into white tiles when the land gets dried. On the other hand, the wet season turns the lake into a mirror to capture the endless sky. Absolutely, it is an infinite dreamy illusion, enough to mesmerize the viewers. It gives misapprehension as if the sky has no end and the earth is turned into a blue canopy full of white clouds.
   
 
 
21- Namaqualand (South Africa)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The Namibian border and the Northern Cape Province belong to Namaqualand. This region has gained attention for excessive and colorful wildflowers which bloom in the sandy area from August to September. Do not lose heart if you cannot visit in these months. There are splendid mountains and evergreen plants that welcome visitors around the year. The view really becomes magnificent when the sight of an antelope amid flowers is captured.
 
 
22- Angel Falls, Venezuela | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
There is a profusion of natural wonders in Venezuela, including the highest waterfall in the world. It is 3,212 feet high flow of Angel Falls can be visited in the National Park Canaima, which is also UNESCO protected.
 
 
23- Australia’s Great Barrier Reef
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The Great Barrier Reef is the popular biggest alive thing on this planet, even visible from space. It is an ideal point for scuba divers and snorkelers; therefore, many tourists visit Barrier Reef every year. Whitehaven Beach is the most attractive place on earth for resurfacing.
 
 
24- The Grand Canyon (Arizona) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
 
People believe the Grand Canyon is an unbelievable natural wonder that magnetizes visitors from around the world. The Grand Canyon is a National Park most suitable for hiking. The scenic loops in the form of South Rim Trail and Horseshoe Bend give a clear vision of the Painted Desert, waterfalls, and Navajo Nation.
 
 
25-Peru’s Machu Picchu
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The natural beauty of Machu Picchu makes the place enthralling for tourists. Balanced atop the packed down crest of the mountain, the olden wonder of the World gets an advantage from Huayna Picchu’s backdrop. Apart from the landmark’s reputation, the Andean Peaks’ obstruction and luxuriant green surfaces make you feel like you are visiting a secret area.
 
 
26- Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
For African adventurers, Tanzania is the most ideal site. It is situated in Serengeti and favorable place to visit in the winter season, especially from January to March. These are the months when you are capable to view the Great Migration. Each and every year, almost 1.5 million animals (wildebeest) breeze through East Africa.
 
 
27- California’s Sequoia National Park
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In California, the Sequoia National Park is the habitation of 8000 giant sequoia trees. The colossal tree world has an extraordinary tree named “General Sherman” which was actually the name of the Civil War general. The tree pays tribute to the champion of treasured acres. The height of this tree is 275 feet whereas the width is 25 feet. In short, it is the single-stem largest tree on this planet.
 
 
28- Torres del Paine National Park (Chile) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
 
Torres del Paine has granite pillars and grazing guanacos. It is an extraordinary national park in the Southern Hemisphere. Side by side, it is an unavoidable destination for hiking lovers. If you are mega-ambitious, try to cover the Full Circuit as it will take 9 days to cross the park.
 
 
29- Palawan (Philippines)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Limestone cliffs and blue lagoons are the notable features that have turned Palawan into one of the worth-visiting islands. It is a friendly habitat of the unearthly Subterranean River Puerto Princesa. It is acknowledged as a World Heritage UNESCO Site that covers 5 miles distance through a cave system below the ground.
 
 
30- Yemen’s Socotra | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Socotra is located 350 miles far from the southern Yemen coast. The remote area has turned the Socotra into a distant planet. The most prominent trait of Socotra is Dragon blood trees that are similar to UFOs. It is hard to find such trees in neighborhood parks.
 
 
31- New Zealand’s Lake Tekapo
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Blue-hued, pink and purple lupin flowers belong to North America. They are not the inhabitant of New Zealand. In the South Island, these colorful flowers bloom in abundance. Especially at Tekapo Lake, the flowers blossom side by side with crystal clear water. In reality, it is the most spectacular panorama of the country.
 
 
32- Zambia and Zimbabwe’s Victoria Falls | Most Stunning Places
 
   
 
most stunning places
 
 
Have you ever enjoyed the beautiful scene of falling water? Nothing is as enchanting as the largest waterfall covering the one-mile area. Try to confirm your ticket in the spring season (February to May). In these months, you are given the advantage of enjoying the clear view of water fall almost 500 million liters that drops down after each and every minute.
 
 
33- Avenue of the Baobabs (Madagascar)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Madagascar is an adventurous and daring place, isolated from Africa through 250 miles of clean water. Bug-eyed lemurs and giant moths are the secrets of this island. Furthermore, the Avenue of the Baobabs having strange ancient trees is also worth visiting as above 100 feet tall trees are enough to grab your attention.
 
 
34- Norway’s Lofoten Islands | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The Lofoten is located 95 miles away the north of Arctic Circle and 800 miles far from Oslo. The island is well-known for its rugged, natural beauty and remote area. The clean deep blue water, Rocky Mountains, fishing villages and edgy museums are some of the splendid spots that you can find everywhere in Scandinavia.
 
 
35- Vietnam’s Ha Long Bay
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In the Northeast of Vietnam, the most stunning island of Ha Long Bay is present, loaded with limestone and blue waters. To get close to this stunning island, try to board a junk Chinese boat and get in close contact with an emerald basin covered with mist.
 
 
36- Canada’s Banff National Park | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
It is one of the best and must-see places in Canada. It is overpowered with sights of animals and the Canadian Rockies. Banff National Park is popular for the profusion of lakes, covering Lake Minnewanka, Moraine Lake and Lake Louise, etc. Each of these lakes is faultless and immaculate.
 
 
37- The Dark Hedges (Northern Ireland)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Game of Thrones, Season One has captured the scene from Northern Ireland. It is a tree-lined beautiful road that is just wonderful for a storybook villain to live aside. Local legends say that the Dark Edges road is haunted and a Grey Lady lives there after sunset and nightfall.
 
 
38- Costa Rica’s Monteverde Cloud Forest | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
The Cloud Forest Reserve Monteverde is renowned for its biodiversity. The presence of bats, migratory birds, reptiles and miscellany of orchids above 500 species has covered the 26,000 acres area in the northwest of San Jose’s capital.
 
 
39- Caucasus Mountains (Georgia)
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Are you an audacious traveler, getting bored of Vineyards in France or ordinary mountain tracks in the Alps? Visit Georgia as it offers everything that daring tourist demands, covering vineyards as well. The hiking trails are superb lines of attack in order to observe the variety. The mountain tracks wind through another mountain range Greater Caucasus separating the Europe from Continent of Asia.
 
 
40- Greece’s Zakynthos | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Compared to Santorini and Mykonos, the Zakynthos is less populated. It is blessed with the most striking beach, known as Navagio Beach in Greek Isles. Cliffs cover it and are only reachable by boat.
 
 
 
41- Malaysia’s Cameron Highlands
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In Malaysia, it is not easy to pick a single dazzling spot. The Cameron Highlands will definitely get the award if a search is conducted. In Pahang state, Cameron Highlands is located. It has covered a region of almost 275 square miles for tea plantations. The presence of green hills, strawberry farms, and butterfly gardens are some of the worth-mentioning attractions that do not let the visitors depart.
 
 
42- Alaska’s Denali National Park | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Regardless of shrinking elevation and change in name, National Park Denali has fabulous spots with extremely low temperatures. It is better to arrange a road trip and enjoy viewing the simmering lakes covering almost six million acres and uneven mountains during your journey.
 
 
43- Croatia’s Plitvice Lakes National Park
 
   
 
most stunning places
 
 
Plitvice lakes are the most favorite places for selfie-taking visitors. In Croatia, there are 16 terraced lakes, joined by waterfalls with a variety of blue water shades. These lakes with differences in water color give considerably impressive outcomes.
 
 
44- Finnish Lapland | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
For a tourist, the journey remains accomplished until and unless he/she visits snowy areas. Do not miss to add to your list Finnish Lapland. The northern region looks stunning in warm months, so try to plan your trip from March to November. In cold months, the threes are overloaded with snow and Northern Lights give an impression of sparkling icons.
 
 
45- Jordan’s Wadi Rum
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Wadi Rum is full of Red sand (similar to Mars Planet), natural arches, caverns, and cliffs. There is some attraction for directors and tourists in the Wadi Rum. The movies like Rogue One, The Martian, and Lawrence of Arabia are some of the movies that are pasteurized here. At night, the sky changes into an unrivaled coverlet of stars. The most stunning view compels visitors to come again and again.
 
 
46- Scotland’s Isle of Skye | Most Stunning Places
 
 
 
 
Countless hill tracks and fairy pools make the Isle of Sky dreamlike stuff. The timeless nature and contemporary food scenes have turned this spot of Scotland into an impressive site with a variety of cuisine.
 
 
47- Indonesia’s Raja Ampat
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Indonesia has a long chain of islands, including more than 1500 islands away from the West Papua western coast. The elongated sequence of Islands is known as Raja Ampat. The prehistoric views in the form of uneven lava mountains fully clad in forest, palm trees growing out of pure cliff walls and fog wandering in and out of profound canyons are simply out of this world.
 
 
48- Valle de Cocora (Colombia) | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
In Colombia, Valle de Cocora is the most elegant landscape. If you drive west of Bogota for 7 hours, you get a chance to visit a park full of palm trees. These trees are acknowledged worldwide due to their tallest range, almost 200 feet. The palm trees give a fabulous look when the hills behind these trees and stony mountains get covered with mist.
 
 
49- Norway’s Trolltunga
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
You must have seen the images of beautiful Trollltunga in your account on Instagram or Pinterest. It is an extraordinary place, ideal for photography. On top of Lake Ringedalsvatnet, there is protruding rock as high as 2300 feet, encouraging visitors to touch the edge. Due to excessive fame, Trolltunga has suffered badly and tourists’ caps are hired to protect the location. If it is unfeasible to touch the highest rock, try capturing some photographs from nearby mountains.
 
 
50- Germany’s Rakotzbrücke | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Rakotz Lake is southeast of Berlin almost 2 hours drive, veiled in Rhododendron Park and Azalea. It is the favorite spot for fairytale-like sights. From 19 century, Rakotzbrucke has gained attraction for its stone bridge that gives an illusion of a wonderful circle when the stone is reflected from underneath the water. People also refer to this bridge as Devil’s Bridge. The bridge’s structure is so impractical that they believe that otherworldly power might have built the bridge.
 
 
51- The Baths in the British Virgin Islands | Most Stunning Places
 
 
most stunning places
 
 
Virgin Gorda is ranked the 3rd largest island among the British Virgin Islands. The great island is covered with natural beauty and 8.5 square miles of area presents the coves, quiet beaches, and national parks having an abundance of flora. A seaside area recognized as “The Baths” where scenic grottos and saltwater pools are made up of granite boulders, is the most admirable attraction of the British Virgin Islands.
 
 
 
 
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ATTRACTIVE MADAME TUSSAUDS MUSEUM ANALYSIS
 
 
 
 
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  Business Creation Ideas  
 
 
Artificial IntelligenceBetter TipsBusinessEarn MoneyManagementMarketingTravelTrending
 
8 Business Creation Ideas | Set Up Your Own Business
 
 by Shamsul   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8 Business Creation Ideas: Set Up Your Own Business
 
 
  
More and more people dream of business creation and embark on a new adventure, being their own boss and creating a company that perfectly reflects their desires, philosophy, and vision of the world in a more general way.
 
In order to fully blossom in this new life, here are 8 good ideas that deserve consideration. To be chosen according to your personal aspirations.
 
 
1- Create Content and Make It a Source of Income | Business Creation Ideas
 
Today we talk about web influencers to designate people who use social networks (mainly TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and sometimes Snapchat) to interact with their community on a daily basis. The main motive is to show you how to develop a strong relationship with your online community in the most natural way possible.
 
Then, when it is large enough, you will be approached by brands who will ask you to promote their products for a fee. This can quickly become very profitable (some star Youtubers earn a lot of money), provided you can have a profile offering a truly professional rendering without amateur errors.
   
 
 
2- Surf on Eco-Friendly and DIY to Launch you’re Business | Business Creation Ideas
 
More and more consumers seek to obtain products of which they know the origin and especially the composition. So, why not launch yourself into the market for solid cosmetics, hand-made washable towels, or jewelry made by you?
 
To start selling your creations, you can rely on very accessible platforms such as Etsy, which offers a shop opening in 4 steps before one day taking off with your own business website.
 
 
3- Spend Your Time On Social Networks For Others | Business Creation Ideas
 
Are you used to spending time on Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, and do you know how all social networks work? In this case, you can become a freelance Community Manager!
 
As a self-employed person, you will manage the online accounts of brands, influencers or companies. It’s a generally time-consuming job that can pay off big if you make a name for yourself in the field and prove your skills.
 
 
4- Train Others in Different Fields | Business Creation Ideas
 
A number of individuals are looking to start their businesses and want some training. So, if you are talented in any field, you can pass on your knowledge to them. You can develop your own face-to-face or remote training through “e-learning” platforms or MOOCs. This practice is part of the list of the best jobs to practice at home.
   
 
Remember to fully exploit social networks’ potential to make yourself known in your community. Show your experience, make you want to take your courses, and you will see your income increase more quickly.
 
 
5- Sell Products without Stocking, Thanks To Dropshipping
 
You can start your own online store, even if you have no storage warehouse or the means to invest in new purchases.
 
With dropshipping, you promote different products on your site and your social networks, encourage your community to order them, and earn a commission on each sale finalized. In order to attain speedy success in the field, you must work on your community because the more sales bring more earnings, the more you can earn.
 
 
6- Assist Other Professionals via the Remote Channels | Business Creation Ideas
 
By becoming a teleworking secretary, you do not necessarily need to leave your home: professionals work for platforms (in offices or open spaces), but others carry out 100% of their activity at home… It’s up to you to select according to the opportunities that are present around you.
 
You may be called upon to practice for one or more client(s) in fields as varied as crafts, associations, individuals wishing to delegate their taxation and administrative procedures, VSEs, and SMEs in all sectors or even professions. Here, you need excellent human qualities and meticulous organization.
 
 
7- Train Others to Play Sports | Business Creation Ideas
 
A number of people are taking up sports to feel healthier, lose weight, or gain strength. Unfortunately (and lucky for you), self-motivation isn’t always easy. You can pass a sports coach diploma in order to have an actual argument to value and valuable know-how for your customers.
   
 
Then, you will offer them personalized training according to their objectives and constraints (short time, overweight, difficulty carrying out long sessions, etc.).
 
 
8- Interior Decorators: The Job of a Coach in an Organization or an Interior Decorator
 
After having experienced several confinements, the French feel more than ever the need to feel good at home. The services of architects, interior designers, and other storage coaches are particularly in demand. You have every chance of finding clients if you go into these professions.
 
If you like making the most of small spaces and helping families with lots of kids, keep their homes tidy, consider organizational coaching. If you prefer to let your creativity express itself, the profession of interior decorator will suit you better.
 
 
In Conclusion | Business Creation Ideas
 
We hope these few avenues for serious activities already help you see things more clearly. Taking the step of becoming your own boss takes thought and can take time. Have you yet to find the idea that suits you perfectly or the one that would be motivating enough to launch your business? With some luck, the solution that suits you best is there. In this case, we strongly suggest you read our article presenting Grow Your Business with These 10 Best Artificial Intelligence AI Marketing Tools and 21 business ideas to create online. Whatever your strengths, rely on them to find THE right activity for you, which will allow you to enrich yourself and make you want to get up every morning to work.
 
 
 
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Need Help or Advice in Content Writing Management:
 
Would you like more advice? Do you have good practices to share? Express yourself in the comments.
 
Also, if you want help in writing content to drive more traffic and boost conversions; please get in touch through  Contact our team.
 
Do you want help writing quality content, driving traffic to your website, and boosting conversions? You can contact me through my Freelancer.com profile also. I always prefer to work through my Freelancer.com profile for smooth functioning. Here you pay safely and securely.
 
 
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DO MARKET RESEARCH BEFORE STARTING YOUR BUSINESS
 
CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) OPTIMIZE YOUR ENTIRE BUSINESS?
 
MANAGING PEOPLE IN BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
 
 
 
 
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  Japanese Dolls  
 
 
BusinessTravelTrending
 
Sofubi is the Name of Japanese Dolls
 
 by Shamsul   
 
 
 
 
 
Sofubi is the Name of Japanese Dolls
  
 
 
Chapter 1 – Japanese Dolls – A Deeply Embedded Culture
 
Japan has a rich, multifaceted culture that offers some very unique aspects seldom found in any other culture or tradition. From the country’s various religions to the complex social conventions, from the bravest of samurai warriors to the spiritual Sumo ritual, Japan has a glorious history and a unique culture that mesmerizes anyone who wishes to explore the versatile aspects of its culture. The culturally distinguished Japanese dolls are one such aspect that dates back to 8000 BC and is still going strong.
 
Japanese dolls are intricately woven into Japanese culture and history, associated at times with religion, backed by myths, and often considered as bringing good luck or warding off evil spirits from the owner of the dolls. The various types of traditional dolls represent mostly babies and children, figures of officials from the imperial court, heroes, warriors, characters of fairy tales, gods, and mythical creatures, including demons as well. Some of these dolls have a long story to their existence, date back to centuries in tradition, and are still part of the Japanese culture today.
 
Today, Japanese dolls are mainly used for household shrines or formal gift-giving at festivals or special occasions. Some of the Japanese dolls hold special significance in festivals such as Hinamatsuri, which means the doll festival, and Kodomo No Hi, which means Children’s Day. The dolls are also crucial in some religions followed in Japan, where local artisans prepare dolls purchased by pilgrims visiting different temples, either as souvenirs or as offerings kept in those temples.
 
 
History of Japanese Dolls
 
The Jomon and Edo Era
 
 
 
 
The earliest dolls made in Japan date back to the ancient Jomon culture dating 8000 – 200 BC, when the making of “Dogu,” meaning humanoid figures started off. Though there is no evidence of how these dolls originated and for what purpose, the latest evidence found by archeologists was of the Haniwa doll, a funerary figure found in the Kofun culture dating somewhere around 300 – 600 AD. Haniwa doll was made of grass and was blessed and thrown in the river to ward off any evil spirit from the dead. The Haniwa custom is said to be the reason celebrating the festival of Hinamatsuri (doll festival) is celebrated even today.
 
Till the start of the eleventh century, dolls had taken a much more significant position in Japanese society, serving not only as toys for young girls but also being used by women as protective figures for children used in religious ceremonies. Special dolls were prepared who could take up all the sins of the person they touched and later were thrown in rivers to ward off all evils.
 
 
 
 
Different dolls made of varying materials were associated with various effects they had. For example, “Hoko” was a doll with a soft body and was considered a protective avatar in the Heien and Muromachi periods. Young ladies of age and pregnant women kept this doll with them as a talisman to protect the woman and the unborn child from any evil spirit.
 
The advent of the 14th century witnessed the Okiagari-Koboshi dolls made of papier mache. These were tumble, roly poly-styled dolls considered symbols of resilience and perseverance and were kept at homes as a good luck charms.
 
The first professional doll makers emerged in the 17th century when dolls started to be sculpted for temples out of wood, referred to as “Saga dolls.” Japan was closed to almost all trade from the outer world during the Edo period (1603 – 1867). The art of doll-making refined and flourished during the period as wealthy Japanese would pay fortunes for sets of dolls beautifully crafted as valuable gifts or home decoration pieces. Most traditional dolls in Japanese culture emerged in the Edo period. The details are given blew.
 
 
Hinamatsuri
 
 
 
The festival of dolls celebrated on 3rd March every year involves using Hina dolls made today with different materials. Traditionally, Hina dolls were pyramidal bodies stuffed with straw or wood blocks and heavily layered with textiles. The dolls had wooden carved hands, feet, and a wood-carved head with glass eyes. The hair of hina dolls was either made of silk or human hair, and the festival revolves around a whole set of 15 dolls, representing different characters, with the main ones being a man-woman pair referred to as the Emperor and the Empress.
 
 
Kintaro
 
 
 
   
 
Kintaro dolls are traditionally presented to children in the Tango No Sekku holiday to inspire them towards strength and bravery, as shown by Kintaro, the legendary boy hero of Japanese folklore.
 
 
Musha
 
 
 
 
 
The warrior dolls today are made of several different materials. However, they are complex figures as male and female dolls are often shown seated on chairs, wearing lacquered paper helmets and weapons, riding horses, or simply standing figures. Popular Musha doll characters include Emperor Jimmu, Empress Jingu, Takenouchi, the demon dweller Shoki, etc. Other fairy tale characters such as Kintaro the golden boy and Momotaro the peach boy are also some famous Musha dolls.  
 
 
Gosho
 
 
 
 
 
Gosho is a fat and cute baby figure doll. The basic Gosho doll is an almost naked male baby with very pale skin and intricate clothing, accessories and hairstyle.
 
 
 
Kimekomi
 
 
 
 
 
These wooden dolls were traditionally carved from willow wood and decorated with pieces of cloth. 
 
Kimekomi is not merely a type of doll; it was also referred to as a special method of making dolls. The dolls had a carved or molded head with the clothing used to adorn the dolls tucked in between the different wood pieces that constituted the dolls.
 
 
Kakakuri Ningyo
 
 
   
 
 
These mechanical dolls or puppets represented larger-than-life figures used mostly on festival floats. These dolls depicted legendary statistics of Japan.
 
 
Kokeshi
 
 
 
 
This doll is around 150 years old and originated in mainland Japan, made initially as toys for children of farmers. These dolls have no arms or legs but only a round head and a cylindrical-shaped body. Today these dolls are considered Japanese craft souvenirs and attract tourists visiting the country.
 
 
Iki Ningyo
 
 
 
In the Edo period, Misemono, Japanese for exhibitions or shows, was an essential urban cultural part of daily life. These shows were commonly put on to raise funds for temples or shrines. This is a life-sized doll used popularly in Misemono shows. These dolls were praised particularly for their depiction of realism, especially when they were made by their original creators, Matsumoto Kisaburo and Yasumoto Kamehachi.
 
 
Ichimatsu
 
 
 
 
 
Named after a famous Kabuki actor of the 18th century, these dolls represented children, boys, and girls figures in accurately proportioned real-life-sized bodies. The boys were depicted as having mischievous faces, whereas the girls had gentle and delicate expressions faces with elaborately styled kimonos.
 
 
Daruma
 
 
 
 
 
These are sphere-shaped dolls with white faces, red bodies, and no pupils in the eyes. Such dolls represent Bodhidharma, the founder of Zen, who is said to have removed his eyelids to prevent him from sleeping and breaking his concentration. These dolls are considered good luck charms that guarantee continued prosperity, good fortune, and fortitude toward goal accomplishment. These dolls are often purchased without pupils on New Year, and an eye is painted while making a wish. The other eye is painted when the desire is fulfilled.
 
 
Teru Teru Bozu
 
 
 
 
Teru Bozu, or the shine monk, is a handmade doll using a cloth or white paper. This, however, is not a doll in a true sense, but rather a window hanging that people put on to prevent rain or bring good weather.
   
 
 
Hoko
 
 
 
A soft-bodied, crawling baby-shaped doll used by young Japanese and pregnant women to ward off evil spirits and stormy eyes. This doll was considered a talisman that protected its owner.
 
 
The Meiji Era
 
The end of the 1800s saw the end of the Edo period and the arrival of the Meiji era, which also transformed the art of doll-making in Japan. Dolls started having a mask face or silk texture skin, with intricately designed kimonos and served mainly s souvenirs for tourists that visited the country in the 1920s and 1930s. The Meiji era also says the beginning of Bisque doll making, using fired clay. Today Japan is home to a wide variety of traditional and hybrid dolls, with the ball-jointed dolls being a popular hit not only | in Japan but also in other developed countries such as USA and UK. 
 
Japanese dolls today are popularly made of polyurethane resin, offering them incredible durability. Not only are these dolls a wonder to own, but they also allow their owners to change their eye colors, wigs, face paint, etc. and can be customized countless times, making them a collector’s delight. The Super Dollfie, first introduced to the rest of the world in 1999, managed to gather a broad audience all around the globe with its anime aesthetics and realistic looks.  
 
 
Historical Uses Of Japanese Dolls
 
Dolls are so finely embedded in Japanese culture due to the uses associated with the different dolls in the different eras. Most information related to ancient types and services of dolls is derived from the famous books by Lea Baten and Alan Pate, who extensively researched the history of Japanese beauties. A deep understanding of these traditions and uses linked with dolls help offer more meaning to the modern-era Japanese doll saga that is taking over the world today.
  
Personal and Domestic Uses Of Dolls In Ancient Japan
 
 
Dolls As Talisman
 
Some dolls, such as Hoko and Amagatsu, were used as protection talismans for pregnant women and their unborn children. The purpose of these dolls was to serve as twins to the newborn baby, which would distract the evil spirit into thinking of it as the baby, saving the infant child from those evil spirits that occurred in the form of diseases. These dolls were usually destroyed as the child grew up. The custom is said to be practiced in the Heian era. Other practices, such as dog-figured dolls, were kept by young women, only to be burned when they got married along with other protective dolls, signifying fertility for the woman in married life.
 
Other red-colored or red-haired dolls were also used as a talisman to prevent sickness and illnesses. These dolls were placed by the bedside of young, sick kids to be destroyed later on when the child recovered.
 
Teru Teru Bozu was another talisman hung on windows as a weather or rain charm in the ancient Edo era.
 
 
Dolls As Festival Association
 
Dolls in Japan have been associated with the five famous festivals observed in Japan since the Edo era and in China from earlier on. There were special dolls for the five occasions, namely
 
     
  1. The New Year Festival
    2.  
  2. The Doll Festival;
    3.  
  3. The Horse Festival
    4.  
  4. The Start Festival, and
    5.  
  5. The Chrysanthemum Festival
    6.  
 
Hagoita, a padded doll, along with Daruma dolls, are associated with the New Year festival, representing the undertaking of a new task and their accomplishment.
 
The Doll Festival, popularly known as Hinamatsuri and celebrated on 3rd March, involves displaying a whole set of dolls on a red stand. Women and girls visit each other’s collection and praise it as a memoir of the 1620s imperial court, where the festival was initiated.
 
The Horse Day, also previously termed as the Boys Day and presently Children’s Day (Kodomo No Hi), is celebrated on the 5th of May. Musha, the warrior dolls, are an integral part of this festival.
 
 
Dolls As Souvenirs
 
The ancient Japanese dolls are still used as souvenirs, either collected as collectibles by tourists, collectors, or hobbyists, besides serving religious purposes to be sacrificed to gods in temples and shrines.
 
These dolls also serve as gifts and decoration pieces adorning many Japanese and foreign homes, while some families carry these dolls as personal heirlooms.
   
 
 
Religious Uses Of Dolls In Ancient Japan
 
In ancient Japanese culture and religion, dolls served as substitutes for the person owning them. 
 
These dolls were responsible for taking in the evil spirit, who would otherwise attack the soul of the doll owner. As the doll is touched or rubbed by the person owning it, all evil spirits convert to it, owing to which it is either burned or thrown in running water later on.  
 
A very prominent practice of this custom is the Nagashi-bina, where ladies rubbed on or breathed on a doll and set it on a boat to sail away, taking all sins and evil spirits with it. This custom was later shunned after the famous Japanese folklore, the Tale of Genji, backfired the custom when it defined that the sea god who fell in love with a doll of Genji when he saw it on a boat at sea later decided that he wanted the real Genji instead of the doll.
 
Some dolls were also used as memorials or figures of the dead individual. The dead in ancient Japan were termed as the lost child, and often parents or other family members would offer a doll dressed as a bride or groom for the dead, placating that the doll’s soul would unite with the spirit of the dead and serve as a companion.
 
 
Commemorative Uses of Dolls in Modern Japan
 
Japanese dolls took a new turn in Modern Japan, serving as gifts and symbols of friendship with other countries. Dolls started being made commercially and were presented to officials on special occasions. The Yamaha company in the 1980s offered specially made dolls to their US distributors as a token of friendship and as the realization of their efforts. Also in 1854, when Commander Perry arrived in Japan to persuade Japan to enter into diplomatic and commercial relationships with other countries, he returned home with many high-quality Ichimatsu dolls, now preserved in the Smithsonian Museum.
 
 
Economic Significance of Dolls in Modern Japan
 
Today’s doll-making sector is among the most significant in Japan’s economy. Initially, Japanese dolls were mostly handmade by individuals or makers or made by specific communities in specific areas to sell as souvenirs. As Japan progressed and started commercial activities with the outside world, Doll making industry was the first to gather attention from external borders.
  
Chapter 2 – The Legend of Kaiju
 
Please contact the writer.
  
 
 
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